Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 7, sentence 78
Now it came to pass long after The Master in Uktâkŭmkûk (The which is Newfoundland) Came to an Indian village And all who dwelt therein Were Kwîmûŭk, who had been Loons in the time before; And now they were very glad As men to see once more The Master who had blessed them When they were only birds; Therefore he made them his huntsmen, Also his messengers; Hence comes that in all the stories Which are told of the mighty Master The Loons are ever his friends; And the Indians when they hear The cry of the Loons, exclaim: “_Kwîmû elkomtûejul Kulóskapŭl_,” “The Loon is calling Kulóskap,” the Master.
Who acts: moon, Uktâkŭmkûk, Were Kwîmûŭk, LOONS, men, Master · What happens: come, pass, be, dwell, see, bless · To what, where: Came, Indian village, Newfoundland, Were Kwîmûŭk, Loons, Master · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (moon, Uktâkŭmkûk, Were Kwîmûŭk, LOONS), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 came | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 pass | mark |
| 5 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 came | xcomp |
| 6 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 pass | advmod |
| 7 | after | after | ADP | _ | 9 Master | case |
| 8 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Master | det |
| 9 | Master | Master | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 pass | obl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 Uktâkŭmkûk | case |
| 11 | Uktâkŭmkûk | Uktâkŭmkûk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Master | nmod |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 Newfoundland | punct |
| 13 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Newfoundland | det |
| 14 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 Newfoundland | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 Newfoundland | cop |
| 16 | Newfoundland | Newfoundland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Uktâkŭmkûk | appos |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 Newfoundland | punct |
| 18 | Came | came | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pass | obl |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 village | case |
| 20 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 village | det |
| 21 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 village | amod |
| 22 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pass | obl |
| 23 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 all | cc |
| 24 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 village | conj |
| 25 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 dwelt | nsubj |
| 26 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 all | acl:relcl |
| 27 | therein | therein | ADV | _ | 29 Kwîmûŭk | advmod |
| 28 | Were | Were | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Kwîmûŭk | compound |
| 29 | Kwîmûŭk | Kwîmûŭk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 dwelt | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 Loons | punct |
| 31 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 Loons | nsubj |
| 32 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 Loons | aux |
| 33 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 34 Loons | cop |
| 34 | Loons | loon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 Kwîmûŭk | conj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 time | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 time | det |
| 37 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 Loons | nmod |
| 38 | before | before | ADV | _ | 37 time | advmod |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 glad | punct |
| 40 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 glad | cc |
| 41 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 45 glad | advmod |
| 42 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 glad | nsubj |
| 43 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 glad | cop |
| 44 | very | very | ADV | _ | 45 glad | advmod |
| 45 | glad | glad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 came | conj |
| 46 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 49 see | mark |
| 47 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 see | nsubj |
| 48 | to | to | PART | _ | 49 see | mark |
| 49 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 glad | xcomp |
| 50 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 49 see | advmod |
| 51 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 53 Master | advmod |
| 52 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 Master | det |
| 53 | Master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 see | obl |
| 54 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 56 blessed | nsubj |
| 55 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 blessed | aux |
| 56 | blessed | bless | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 53 Master | acl:relcl |
| 57 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 56 blessed | obj |
| 58 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 62 birds | advmod |
| 59 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 62 birds | nsubj |
| 60 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 62 birds | cop |
| 61 | only | only | ADV | _ | 62 birds | advmod |
| 62 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 56 blessed | obl |
| 63 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 66 made | punct |
| 64 | Therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 66 made | advmod |
| 65 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 66 made | nsubj |
| 66 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 67 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 66 made | obj |
| 68 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 69 huntsmen | nmod:poss |
| 69 | huntsmen | huntsman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 made | obj |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 messengers | punct |
| 71 | Also | also | ADV | _ | 73 messengers | advmod |
| 72 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 73 messengers | nmod:poss |
| 73 | messengers | messenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 69 huntsmen | conj |
| 74 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 76 comes | punct |
| 75 | Hence | hence | ADV | _ | 76 comes | advmod |
| 76 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 77 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 81 stories | mark |
| 78 | in | in | ADP | _ | 81 stories | case |
| 79 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 81 stories | det:predet |
| 80 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 81 stories | det |
| 81 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 comes | advcl |
| 82 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 84 told | nsubj:pass |
| 83 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 84 told | aux:pass |
| 84 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 81 stories | acl:relcl |
| 85 | of | of | ADP | _ | 88 Master | case |
| 86 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 88 Master | det |
| 87 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 88 Master | amod |
| 88 | Master | Master | PROPN | Number=Sing | 84 told | obl:agent |
| 89 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 90 Loons | det |
| 90 | Loons | loon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 94 friends | nsubj |
| 91 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 94 friends | cop |
| 92 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 94 friends | advmod |
| 93 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 94 friends | nmod:poss |
| 94 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 88 Master | acl:relcl |
| 95 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 108 exclaim | punct |
| 96 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 98 Indians | cc |
| 97 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 98 Indians | det |
| 98 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 108 exclaim | nsubj |
| 99 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 101 hear | mark |
| 100 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 101 hear | nsubj |
| 101 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 108 exclaim | advcl |
| 102 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 103 cry | det |
| 103 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 101 hear | obj |
| 104 | of | of | ADP | _ | 106 Loons | case |
| 105 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 106 Loons | det |
| 106 | Loons | loon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 103 cry | nmod |
| 107 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 108 exclaim | punct |
| 108 | exclaim | exclaim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 109 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 122 calling | punct |
| 110 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 122 calling | punct |
| 111 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 112 Kwîmû | punct |
| 112 | Kwîmû | Kwîmû | PROPN | Number=Sing | 122 calling | nsubj |
| 113 | elkomtûejul | elkomtûejul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 112 Kwîmû | flat |
| 114 | Kulóskapŭl | Kulóskapŭl | PROPN | Number=Sing | 113 elkomtûejul | flat |
| 115 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 112 Kwîmû | punct |
| 116 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 112 Kwîmû | punct |
| 117 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 112 Kwîmû | punct |
| 118 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 122 calling | punct |
| 119 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 120 Loon | det |
| 120 | Loon | Loon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 122 calling | nsubj |
| 121 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 122 calling | aux |
| 122 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 108 exclaim | advcl |
| 123 | Kulóskap | Kulóskap | PROPN | Number=Sing | 122 calling | obj |
| 124 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 123 Kulóskap | punct |
| 125 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 123 Kulóskap | punct |
| 126 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 127 Master | det |
| 127 | Master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 122 calling | obj |
| 128 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | moon | now | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | moon not said here | Came | a Indian village | after the Master in Uktâkŭmkûk | long property | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to village=Initial_Location | |
| 3 | is a | present | Uktâkŭmkûk | the Newfoundland | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | dwell | past | Were Kwîmûŭk and Loons | who nsubj | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a | past · perfect | Were Kwîmûŭk and Loons | Loons | time | tree rules | |||
| 6 | is | past | LOONS = loon | now | glad property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | see | to-infinitive | men | the Master | once property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 8 | bless | past · perfect | the Master | LOONS = loon | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 9 | is a | past | LOONS = loon | birds | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | make | past | man | LOONS = loon | Master's huntsmen and Master's messengers obj; therefore property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset they=Beneficiary huntsman=Product | |||
| 11 | come | present | moon not said here | all stories advcl; hence property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 12 | tell speech: assert | present · passive | the mighty Master | all stories | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient | ||||
| 13 | is a | present | the Loons | Master's friends | ever | Master nmod:poss | tree rules | ||
| 14 | hear | present | LOONS = loon | the cry of the Loons | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cry=Stimulus | ||||
| 15 | exclaim speech: express | present | the Indians | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 16 | call in a quote | present · progressive | Kwîmû | Kulóskap | the Loon nsubj; the Master obj | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent kulóskap=Theme master=Result | |||
| 17 | cry | the Loons | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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