Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 9, sentence 85
And when he got there, the brave Was either to obtain That the water-dam be cut, Or, failing, do something desperate-- They knew not exactly what; But it was expected by all That if he were refused He would paint the village with care Of a deep vermilion hue, Leaving on every lodge Blood, and in this intent, Should, armed at every point, Go with his tomahawk, His axe and scalping-knife Singing his death-song, too, As he went on his way; And they were all agog.
Who acts: Kulóskap, brave Was, Was, That, knife, deep vermilion hue · What happens: get, obtain, cut, fail, not do, not know · To what, where: That, water dam, something, dam, village, lodge
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kulóskap, brave Was, Was, That), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 obtain | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 got | advmod |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 got | nsubj |
| 4 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 obtain | advcl |
| 5 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 got | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 got | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Was | det |
| 8 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Was | amod |
| 9 | Was | Be | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 obtain | nsubj |
| 10 | either | either | ADV | PronType=Ind | 12 obtain | advmod |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 obtain | mark |
| 12 | obtain | obtain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 cut | advcl |
| 13 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 obtain | obj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 dam | det |
| 15 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 dam | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 water | punct |
| 17 | dam | dam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 cut | aux:pass |
| 19 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 failing | punct |
| 21 | Or | or | CCONJ | _ | 23 failing | cc |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 failing | punct |
| 23 | failing | fail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 cut | advcl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 do | punct |
| 25 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 failing | xcomp |
| 26 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 25 do | obj |
| 27 | desperate | desperate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 something | amod |
| 28 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 30 knew | punct |
| 29 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 knew | nsubj |
| 30 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 cut | conj |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 knew | advmod |
| 32 | exactly | exactly | ADV | _ | 33 what | advmod |
| 33 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 30 knew | obj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 expected | punct |
| 35 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 38 expected | cc |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 expected | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 expected | aux:pass |
| 38 | expected | expect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 cut | conj |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 That | case |
| 40 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 41 That | det:predet |
| 41 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 38 expected | obl |
| 42 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 45 refused | mark |
| 43 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 refused | nsubj |
| 44 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 refused | cop |
| 45 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 expected | advcl |
| 46 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 paint | nsubj |
| 47 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 48 paint | aux |
| 48 | paint | paint | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 refused | parataxis |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 village | det |
| 50 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 paint | obj |
| 51 | with | with | ADP | _ | 52 care | case |
| 52 | care | care | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 village | nmod |
| 53 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 57 hue | case |
| 54 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 hue | det |
| 55 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 hue | amod |
| 56 | vermilion | vermilion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 hue | compound |
| 57 | hue | hue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 care | nmod |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 Leaving | punct |
| 59 | Leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 48 paint | advcl |
| 60 | on | on | ADP | _ | 62 lodge | case |
| 61 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 62 lodge | det |
| 62 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 Leaving | obl |
| 63 | Blood | Blood | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 lodge | appos |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 77 Go | punct |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 77 Go | cc |
| 66 | in | in | ADP | _ | 68 intent | case |
| 67 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 68 intent | det |
| 68 | intent | intent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 Go | obl |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 Should | punct |
| 70 | Should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 68 intent | acl:relcl |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 armed | punct |
| 72 | armed | armed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 68 intent | amod |
| 73 | at | at | ADP | _ | 75 point | case |
| 74 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 75 point | det |
| 75 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 armed | obl |
| 76 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 intent | punct |
| 77 | Go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 cut | conj |
| 78 | with | with | ADP | _ | 80 tomahawk | case |
| 79 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 80 tomahawk | nmod:poss |
| 80 | tomahawk | tomahawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 Go | obl |
| 81 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 83 axe | punct |
| 82 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 83 axe | nmod:poss |
| 83 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 Go | obl |
| 84 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 85 scalping | cc |
| 85 | scalping | scalp | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 83 axe | conj |
| 86 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 87 knife | punct |
| 87 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 85 scalping | obj |
| 88 | Singing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 87 knife | acl |
| 89 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 92 song | nmod:poss |
| 90 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 92 song | compound |
| 91 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 90 death | punct |
| 92 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 88 Singing | obj |
| 93 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 94 too | punct |
| 94 | too | too | ADV | _ | 85 scalping | advmod |
| 95 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 98 went | punct |
| 96 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 98 went | mark |
| 97 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 98 went | nsubj |
| 98 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 77 Go | parataxis |
| 99 | on | on | ADP | _ | 101 way | case |
| 100 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 101 way | nmod:poss |
| 101 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 98 went | obl |
| 102 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 107 agog | punct |
| 103 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 107 agog | cc |
| 104 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 107 agog | nsubj |
| 105 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 107 agog | cop |
| 106 | all | all | ADV | _ | 107 agog | advmod |
| 107 | agog | agog | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 cut | conj |
| 108 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | past | Kulóskap | there | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | obtain | to-infinitive | the brave Was | That | either property | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme | |||
| 3 | cut | infinitive · passive | the water dam | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 4 | fail | gerund | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 5 | not do | infinitive | something | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | not know | past | Was = be | what obj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | expect | past · passive | That | dam | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 8 | is a condition, not said to happen | past | Kulóskap | refuse property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | paint | would | Kulóskap | the village | with care of a deep vermilion hue | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent village=Destination with care=Theme | |||
| 10 | leave | gerund | Kulóskap not said here | every lodge | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on lodge=Location | ||||
| 11 | go | infinitive | Kulóskap's axe | this intent | with Kulóskap's tomahawk | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with tomahawk=Beneficiary | |||
| 12 | scalp | gerund | knife | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Source | |||||
| 13 | sing speech: express | gerund | knife not said here | Kulóskap's death song | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | ||||
| 14 | go | past | Kulóskap | Kulóskap's way | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on way=Location | ||||
| 15 | is | past | Was = be | agog, all property | tree rules | ||||
| 16 | care | a deep vermilion hue | nom care «act intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 17 | sing | Kulóskap | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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