Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 44
It may be legend, but it is legend believed in as history never consciously invented, and growing out of certain spots of the earth's surface, and supported by and drawing its life from the soil like a natural growth.
Who acts: sort, growing · What happens: be, believe, invent, grow out, support, draw · To what, where: legend, history, certain spots, life, soil
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sort, growing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 legend | nsubj |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 legend | aux |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 legend | cop |
| 4 | legend | legend | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 legend | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 legend | cc |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 legend | nsubj |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 legend | cop |
| 9 | legend | legend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 legend | conj |
| 10 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 legend | acl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 history | case |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 history | case |
| 13 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 believed | obl |
| 14 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 15 consciously | advmod |
| 15 | consciously | consciously | ADV | _ | 16 invented | advmod |
| 16 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 believed | advcl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 supported | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 supported | cc |
| 19 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 supported | csubj |
| 20 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 spots | case |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 spots | case |
| 22 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 spots | amod |
| 23 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 growing | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 surface | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 earth | det |
| 26 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 surface | nmod:poss |
| 27 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 26 earth | case |
| 28 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 spots | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 supported | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 supported | cc |
| 31 | supported | support | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 legend | conj |
| 32 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 34 drawing | mark |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 drawing | cc |
| 34 | drawing | draw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 supported | advcl |
| 35 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 life | nmod:poss |
| 36 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 drawing | obj |
| 37 | from | from | ADP | _ | 39 soil | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 soil | det |
| 39 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 drawing | obl |
| 40 | like | like | ADP | _ | 43 growth | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 growth | det |
| 42 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 growth | amod |
| 43 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 drawing | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 legend | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | may | sort | legend but legend | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | sort | legend | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | believe | participle | legend not said here | history | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | invent | participle | never | consciously property | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | grow out | gerund | certain spots of the earth's surface | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location spot=Theme | |||||
| 6 | support | participle | growing | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | draw | gerund | growing not said here | sort's life | the soil | like a natural growth | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent life=Theme from soil=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/44/