Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 5

The men by whom these works were made, so interesting in themselves, and so different from anything of the kind erected since, were not strangers and aliens, but our own ancestors, and out of their rude civilisation our own has slowly grown.

Who acts: works · What happens: make, erect, not be, grow, civilise · To what, where: men, strangers, rude civilisation

This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (works), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 men	det
2	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 made	nsubj:pass
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 whom	case
4	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 men	nmod
5	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	6 works	det
6	works	work	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 whom	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 made	aux:pass
8	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 interesting	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	11 interesting	advmod
11	interesting	interesting	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 made	xcomp
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 themselves	case
13	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	11 interesting	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 different	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 different	cc
16	so	so	ADV	_	17 different	advmod
17	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 made	parataxis
18	from	from	ADP	_	19 anything	case
19	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	17 different	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 kind	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 kind	det
22	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 anything	nmod
23	erected	erect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 anything	acl
24	since	since	ADP	_	23 erected	advmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 strangers	punct
26	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 strangers	cop
27	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	28 strangers	advmod
28	strangers	stranger	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 different	obl
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 aliens	cc
30	aliens	alien	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 strangers	conj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 ancestors	punct
32	but	but	CCONJ	_	35 ancestors	cc
33	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 ancestors	nmod:poss
34	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 ancestors	amod
35	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 strangers	conj
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 grown	punct
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 grown	cc
38	out	out	ADP	_	42 civilisation	case
39	of	of	ADP	_	42 civilisation	case
40	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	42 civilisation	nmod:poss
41	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 civilisation	amod
42	civilisation	civilisation	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 grown	nsubj:pass
43	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	44 own	nmod:poss
44	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 civilisation	amod
45	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	47 grown	aux
46	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	47 grown	advmod
47	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 made	conj
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 made	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive		the men	interesting property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	erect	participle				vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	not is a	past		strangers and aliens but our own ancestors	aliens conj; our own ancestors conj	tree rules
4	grow	present · perfect · passive		works's rude civilisation	slowly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
5	civilise		works = work			nom civilisation «process transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/5/

🌲 Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 5

The tree

Pragmatics

Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 5