Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 57
The mounds of Tara, the great barrows along the shores of the Boyne, the raths of Slieve Mish, and Rathcrogan, and Teltown, the stone caiseals of Aran and Innishowen, and those that alone or in smaller groups stud the country over, are all, or nearly all, mentioned in this ancient literature, with the names and traditional histories of those over whom they were raised.
What happens: stud over, mention, raise · To what, where: country, ancient literature, groups, mounds
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 mounds | det |
| 2 | mounds | mound | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Tara | case |
| 4 | Tara | Tara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 mounds | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 barrows | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 barrows | det |
| 7 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 barrows | amod |
| 8 | barrows | barrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 mounds | conj |
| 9 | along | along | ADP | _ | 11 shores | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 shores | det |
| 11 | shores | shore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 barrows | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Boyne | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Boyne | det |
| 14 | Boyne | Boyne | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 shores | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 raths | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 raths | det |
| 17 | raths | rath | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 Boyne | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Slieve | case |
| 19 | Slieve | Slieve | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 raths | nmod |
| 20 | Mish | Mish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Slieve | flat |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Rathcrogan | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Rathcrogan | cc |
| 23 | Rathcrogan | Rathcrogan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Boyne | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Teltown | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 Teltown | cc |
| 26 | Teltown | Teltown | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Boyne | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 caiseals | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 caiseals | det |
| 29 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 caiseals | compound |
| 30 | caiseals | caiseal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 Boyne | conj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 Aran | case |
| 32 | Aran | Aran | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 caiseals | nmod |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 Innishowen | cc |
| 34 | Innishowen | Innishowen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Aran | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 those | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 those | cc |
| 37 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 mounds | conj |
| 38 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 stud | nsubj |
| 39 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 44 stud | advmod |
| 40 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 44 stud | cc |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 groups | case |
| 42 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 43 groups | amod |
| 43 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 stud | nsubj |
| 44 | stud | stud | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 those | acl:relcl |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 country | det |
| 46 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 stud | obj |
| 47 | over | over | ADV | _ | 44 stud | advmod |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 those | punct |
| 49 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 all | cop |
| 50 | all | all | ADV | _ | 54 all | advmod |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 all | punct |
| 52 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 54 all | cc |
| 53 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 54 all | advmod |
| 54 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 37 those | conj |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 mentioned | punct |
| 56 | mentioned | mention | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 those | acl |
| 57 | in | in | ADP | _ | 60 literature | case |
| 58 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 60 literature | det |
| 59 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 literature | amod |
| 60 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 mentioned | obl |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 those | punct |
| 62 | with | with | ADP | _ | 64 names | case |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 names | det |
| 64 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 those | nmod |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 histories | cc |
| 66 | traditional | traditional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 67 histories | amod |
| 67 | histories | history | NOUN | Number=Plur | 64 names | conj |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 those | case |
| 69 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 67 histories | nmod |
| 70 | over | over | ADV | _ | 71 whom | advmod |
| 71 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 74 raised | obj |
| 72 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 74 raised | nsubj:pass |
| 73 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 74 raised | aux:pass |
| 74 | raised | raise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 69 those | acl:relcl |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 mounds | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stud over | present | the country | smaller groups nsubj; alone, over property | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme country=Destination | ||||
| 2 | mention speech: other | participle | this ancient literature | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | raise | past · passive | groups = group | whom obj | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme whom=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/57/