Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 60
Neither he nor his neighbours know or can tell anything about its ancient history; the removed earth will help to make his cattle fatter and improve his crops, the stones will be useful to pave his roads and build his fences, and the savant can enjoy the rest; but the Irish farmer and landlord should not do or suffer this.
Who acts: farmer, removed earth, stones, savant, Irish farmer · What happens: know, tell, remove, help, make, improve · To what, where: anything, cattle, crops, roads, fences, rest · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer, removed earth, stones, savant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 know | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 know | nsubj |
| 3 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 neighbours | cc |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 neighbours | nmod:poss |
| 5 | neighbours | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 he | conj |
| 6 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 tell | cc |
| 8 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 tell | aux |
| 9 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 know | conj |
| 10 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 9 tell | obj |
| 11 | about | about | ADP | _ | 14 history | case |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 history | nmod:poss |
| 13 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 history | amod |
| 14 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 anything | nmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 help | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 earth | det |
| 17 | removed | remove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 earth | amod |
| 18 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 help | nsubj |
| 19 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 help | aux |
| 20 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 know | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 make | mark |
| 22 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 help | xcomp |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 cattle | nmod:poss |
| 24 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 make | obj |
| 25 | fatter | fat | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 make | xcomp |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 improve | cc |
| 27 | improve | improve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 help | conj |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 crops | nmod:poss |
| 29 | crops | crop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 improve | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 useful | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 stones | det |
| 32 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 useful | nsubj |
| 33 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 useful | aux |
| 34 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 35 useful | cop |
| 35 | useful | useful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 improve | parataxis |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 pave | mark |
| 37 | pave | pave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 useful | xcomp |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 roads | nmod:poss |
| 39 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 pave | obj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 build | cc |
| 41 | build | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 pave | conj |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 fences | nmod:poss |
| 43 | fences | fence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 build | obj |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 enjoy | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 enjoy | cc |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 savant | det |
| 47 | savant | savant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 enjoy | nsubj |
| 48 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 49 enjoy | aux |
| 49 | enjoy | enjoy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 help | conj |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 rest | det |
| 51 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 enjoy | obj |
| 52 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 61 do | punct |
| 53 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 61 do | cc |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 farmer | det |
| 55 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 farmer | amod |
| 56 | farmer | farmer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 do | nsubj |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 landlord | cc |
| 58 | landlord | landlord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 farmer | conj |
| 59 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 61 do | aux |
| 60 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 61 do | advmod |
| 61 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 know | parataxis |
| 62 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 63 suffer | cc |
| 63 | suffer | suffer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 61 do | conj |
| 64 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 63 suffer | obj |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | farmer | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | can | farmer not said here | anything | about history's ancient history | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent anything=Recipient about history=Topic | |||
| 3 | remove | participle | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | help | future | the removed earth | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | make | to-infinitive | the removed earth not said here | farmer's cattle | fat property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cattle=Product | |||
| 6 | improve | infinitive | the removed earth not said here | farmer's crops | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent crop=Patient | ||||
| 7 | is | future | the stones | useful property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | pave | to-infinitive | the stones not said here | farmer's roads | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme road=Destination | ||||
| 9 | build | present | the stones not said here | farmer's fences | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fence=Product | ||||
| 10 | enjoy | can | the savant | the rest | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rest=Stimulus | ||||
| 11 | not do | should | the Irish farmer and landlord | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 12 | suffer | infinitive | the Irish farmer and landlord not said here | this | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/60/