Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 119
It is, of course, impossible to make an accurate estimate of the expenditure of labour necessary for the construction of such a work, but it would seem to me to require thousands of men working for years.
Who acts: It, men · What happens: be, make, seem, require, work, estimate · To what, where: accurate estimate, me, thousands, expenditure, labour, work
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 impossible | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 impossible | cop |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 impossible | punct |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 impossible | case |
| 5 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 of | fixed |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 impossible | punct |
| 7 | impossible | impossible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 make | mark |
| 9 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 impossible | csubj |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 estimate | det |
| 11 | accurate | accurate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 estimate | amod |
| 12 | estimate | estimate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 make | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 expenditure | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 expenditure | det |
| 15 | expenditure | expenditure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 estimate | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 labour | case |
| 17 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 expenditure | nmod |
| 18 | necessary | necessary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 labour | amod |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 construction | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 construction | det |
| 21 | construction | construction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 necessary | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 work | case |
| 23 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 25 work | det:predet |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 work | det |
| 25 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 construction | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 seem | punct |
| 27 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 seem | cc |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 seem | nsubj |
| 29 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 seem | aux |
| 30 | seem | seem | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 impossible | parataxis |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 me | case |
| 32 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 seem | obl |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 require | mark |
| 34 | require | require | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 seem | xcomp |
| 35 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 require | obj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 men | case |
| 37 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 thousands | nmod |
| 38 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 men | acl |
| 39 | for | for | ADP | _ | 40 years | case |
| 40 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 working | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 impossible | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | It | impossible property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | a accurate estimate of the expenditure of labour | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset estimate=Product | |||||
| 3 | seem | would | it | me | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | require | to-infinitive | thousands of men | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme thousand=Precondition | |||||
| 5 | work | gerund | men not said here | year | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | estimate | the expenditure of labour | nom estimate «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | expend | labour | nom expenditure «possession transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 8 | construct | such work | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/10/119/