Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 89
All the nations of Europe lived at one time under the bardic and druidic system, and under that system imagined their gods and elaborated their various theogonies, yet, in no country in Europe has a bardic literature been preserved except in Ireland, for no thinking man can believe Homer to have been a product of that rude type of civilisation of which he sings.
Who acts: nations, thinking man, nation · What happens: live, imagine, elaborate, have, preserve, believe · To what, where: bardic system, gods, system, various theogonies, country, bardic literature · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nations, thinking man, nation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 nations | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 nations | det |
| 3 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 lived | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Europe | case |
| 5 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 nations | nmod |
| 6 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 time | case |
| 8 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 time | nummod |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lived | obl |
| 10 | under | under | ADP | _ | 15 system | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 system | det |
| 12 | bardic | bardic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 system | amod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 druidic | cc |
| 14 | druidic | druidic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 bardic | conj |
| 15 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lived | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 imagined | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 imagined | cc |
| 18 | under | under | ADP | _ | 20 system | case |
| 19 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 system | det |
| 20 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 imagined | obl |
| 21 | imagined | imagine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 lived | parataxis |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 gods | nmod:poss |
| 23 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 imagined | obj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 elaborated | cc |
| 25 | elaborated | elaborate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 imagined | conj |
| 26 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 theogonies | nmod:poss |
| 27 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 theogonies | amod |
| 28 | theogonies | theogony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 elaborated | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 has | punct |
| 30 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 37 has | cc |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 yet | punct |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 country | case |
| 33 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 34 country | det |
| 34 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 has | obl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 Europe | case |
| 36 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 country | nmod |
| 37 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 lived | parataxis |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 literature | det |
| 39 | bardic | bardic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 literature | amod |
| 40 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 preserved | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 42 preserved | aux:pass |
| 42 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 has | parataxis |
| 43 | except | except | ADP | _ | 45 Ireland | case |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 Ireland | case |
| 45 | Ireland | Ireland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 preserved | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 believe | punct |
| 47 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 52 believe | mark |
| 48 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 50 man | det |
| 49 | thinking | thinking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 man | compound |
| 50 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 believe | nsubj |
| 51 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 52 believe | aux |
| 52 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 preserved | parataxis |
| 53 | Homer | Homer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 believe | obj |
| 54 | to | to | PART | _ | 58 product | mark |
| 55 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 58 product | aux |
| 56 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 58 product | cop |
| 57 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 58 product | det |
| 58 | product | product | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 believe | ccomp |
| 59 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 type | case |
| 60 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 62 type | det |
| 61 | rude | rude | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 type | amod |
| 62 | type | type | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 product | nmod |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 civilisation | case |
| 64 | civilisation | civilisation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 type | nmod |
| 65 | of | of | ADP | _ | 66 which | case |
| 66 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 68 sings | obl |
| 67 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 68 sings | nsubj |
| 68 | sings | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 64 civilisation | acl:relcl |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | all nations of Europe | the bardic system | time | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under system=Location | |||
| 2 | imagine | past | gods's gods | that system | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot god=Theme | ||||
| 3 | elaborate speech: other | past | gods's various theogonies | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | have | present | no country in Europe | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | preserve | participle · passive | a bardic literature | except Ireland | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | believe | can | no thinking man | Homer | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer homer=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | is a | to-infinitive · perfect | a product | of that rude type of civilisation | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | sing speech: express | present | nation | of civilisation | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | ||||
| 9 | type | civilisation | nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/10/89/