Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 91
"In that fair clime, the lonely herdsman, stretched On the soft grass through half a summer's day, With music lulled his indolent repose, And in some fit of weariness if he, When his own breath was silent, chanced to hear A distant strain far sweeter than the sounds Which his poor skill could make, his fancy fetched, Even from the blazing chariot of the sun, A beardless youth who touched a golden lute And filled the illumined groves with ravishment-- *** "Sunbeams upon distant hills, Gliding apace with shadows in their train, Might, with small help from fancy, be transformed Into fleet oreads, sporting visibly."
Who acts: music, poor skill, fancy, beardless youth, Sunbeams, fleet oreads · What happens: stretch, lull, be, chance, hear, make · To what, where: soft grass, indolent repose, fit, distant strain, sounds, blazing chariot
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (music, poor skill, fancy, beardless youth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 clime | punct |
| 2 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 clime | case |
| 3 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 clime | det |
| 4 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 clime | amod |
| 5 | clime | clime | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 herdsman | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 herdsman | det |
| 8 | lonely | lonely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 herdsman | amod |
| 9 | herdsman | herdsman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 clime | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 stretched | punct |
| 11 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 clime | parataxis |
| 12 | On | on | ADP | _ | 15 grass | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 grass | det |
| 14 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 grass | amod |
| 15 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stretched | obl |
| 16 | through | through | ADP | _ | 21 day | case |
| 17 | half | half | DET | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind | 21 day | det:predet |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 day | det |
| 19 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 day | nmod:poss |
| 20 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 19 summer | case |
| 21 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stretched | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 lulled | punct |
| 23 | With | with | SCONJ | _ | 25 lulled | mark |
| 24 | music | music | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lulled | nsubj |
| 25 | lulled | lull | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 stretched | conj |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 repose | nmod:poss |
| 27 | indolent | indolent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 repose | amod |
| 28 | repose | repose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lulled | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 fit | punct |
| 30 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 fit | cc |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 fit | case |
| 32 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 33 fit | det |
| 33 | fit | fit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lulled | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 weariness | case |
| 35 | weariness | weariness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 fit | nmod |
| 36 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 44 silent | mark |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 silent | nsubj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 silent | punct |
| 39 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 44 silent | advmod |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 breath | nmod:poss |
| 41 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 breath | amod |
| 42 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 silent | nsubj |
| 43 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 silent | cop |
| 44 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 lulled | ccomp |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 chanced | punct |
| 46 | chanced | chance | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 silent | conj |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 hear | mark |
| 48 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 chanced | xcomp |
| 49 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 strain | det |
| 50 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 strain | amod |
| 51 | strain | strain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 hear | obj |
| 52 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 53 sweeter | advmod |
| 53 | sweeter | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 51 strain | amod |
| 54 | than | than | ADP | _ | 56 sounds | case |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 sounds | det |
| 56 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 sweeter | obl |
| 57 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 62 make | obj |
| 58 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 60 skill | nmod:poss |
| 59 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 skill | amod |
| 60 | skill | skill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 make | nsubj |
| 61 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 62 make | aux |
| 62 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 sounds | acl:relcl |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 fetched | punct |
| 64 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 65 fancy | nmod:poss |
| 65 | fancy | fancy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 fetched | nsubj |
| 66 | fetched | fetch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 strain | acl:relcl |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 chariot | punct |
| 68 | Even | even | ADV | _ | 72 chariot | advmod |
| 69 | from | from | ADP | _ | 72 chariot | case |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 chariot | det |
| 71 | blazing | blazing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 72 chariot | amod |
| 72 | chariot | chariot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 fetched | obl |
| 73 | of | of | ADP | _ | 75 sun | case |
| 74 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 sun | det |
| 75 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 chariot | nmod |
| 76 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 youth | punct |
| 77 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 79 youth | det |
| 78 | beardless | beardless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 79 youth | amod |
| 79 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 chariot | conj |
| 80 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 81 touched | nsubj |
| 81 | touched | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 79 youth | acl:relcl |
| 82 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 84 lute | det |
| 83 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 84 lute | amod |
| 84 | lute | lute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 touched | obj |
| 85 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 86 filled | cc |
| 86 | filled | fill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 81 touched | conj |
| 87 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 89 groves | det |
| 88 | illumined | illumine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 89 groves | amod |
| 89 | groves | grove | NOUN | Number=Plur | 86 filled | obj |
| 90 | with | with | ADP | _ | 91 ravishment | case |
| 91 | ravishment | ravishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 86 filled | obl |
| 92 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 95 Sunbeams | punct |
| 93 | *** | *** | PUNCT | _ | 95 Sunbeams | punct |
| 94 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 95 Sunbeams | punct |
| 95 | Sunbeams | sunbeam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 hear | obj |
| 96 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 98 hills | case |
| 97 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 98 hills | amod |
| 98 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 95 Sunbeams | nmod |
| 99 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 100 Gliding | punct |
| 100 | Gliding | glide | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 95 Sunbeams | acl |
| 101 | apace | apace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 100 Gliding | obj |
| 102 | with | with | ADP | _ | 103 shadows | case |
| 103 | shadows | shadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 100 Gliding | obl |
| 104 | in | in | ADP | _ | 106 train | case |
| 105 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 106 train | nmod:poss |
| 106 | train | train | NOUN | Number=Sing | 100 Gliding | obl |
| 107 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 108 Might | punct |
| 108 | Might | Might | PROPN | Number=Sing | 95 Sunbeams | nmod |
| 109 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 112 help | punct |
| 110 | with | with | ADP | _ | 112 help | case |
| 111 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 112 help | amod |
| 112 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 108 Might | appos |
| 113 | from | from | ADP | _ | 114 fancy | case |
| 114 | fancy | fancy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 112 help | nmod |
| 115 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 117 transformed | punct |
| 116 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 117 transformed | aux:pass |
| 117 | transformed | transform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 48 hear | advcl |
| 118 | Into | into | ADP | _ | 120 oreads | case |
| 119 | fleet | fleet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 120 oreads | amod |
| 120 | oreads | oread | NOUN | Number=Plur | 117 transformed | obl |
| 121 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 122 sporting | punct |
| 122 | sporting | sport | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 120 oreads | acl |
| 123 | visibly | visibly | ADV | _ | 122 sporting | advmod |
| 124 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 clime | punct |
| 125 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 clime | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stretch in a quote | participle | the soft grass | day | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | lull in a quote | past | music | music's indolent repose | some fit of weariness | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus repose=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | is a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | past | music | music's own breath nsubj; silent property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | chance in a quote | participle | music not said here | vn risk-94-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | hear in a quote | to-infinitive | music not said here | a distant strain | Sunbeams Might obj | tree rules | |||
| 6 | make in a quote | could | music's poor skill | the sounds | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset which=Product | ||||
| 7 | fetch in a quote | past | music's fancy | a distant strain not said here | the blazing chariot of the sun and a beardless youth | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent strain=Theme from chariot=Source | |||
| 8 | touch in a quote | past | a beardless youth | a golden lute | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lute=Co-Theme | ||||
| 9 | fill in a quote | past | a beardless youth not said here | the illumined groves | with ravishment | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent grove=Patient with ravishment=Instrument | |||
| 10 | illumine in a quote | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 11 | glide | gerund | Sunbeams Might not said here | apace | gods's train | with shadows | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent apace=Theme in train=Trajectory | ||
| 12 | transform | infinitive · passive | music not said here | into fleet oreads result | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: into oread=Result | ||||
| 13 | sport | gerund | fleet oreads not said here | visibly property | tree rules | ||||
| 15 | repose in a quote | music | nom repose «act intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 16 | fancy in a quote | music | nom fancy «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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