Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 60
In the battle of Gabra, fought in the third century, and in which Oscar, perhaps the greatest of all the Irish heroes heading the Fianna Eireen, contended against Cairbry of the Liffey, King of Ireland, and his troops, Cairbry on his side announces to his warriors that he would rather perish in this battle than suffer one of the Fianna to survive; but while he spoke--
Who acts: Irish heroes, Oscar, troops, Cairbry · What happens: fight, head, contend, announce, perish, suffer · To what, where: battle, Fianna Eireen, warriors, one, Gabra · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Irish heroes, Oscar, troops, Cairbry), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 battle | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 battle | det |
| 3 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fought | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Gabra | case |
| 5 | Gabra | Gabra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 battle | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 battle | punct |
| 7 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 century | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 century | det |
| 10 | third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 11 century | amod |
| 11 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fought | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 contended | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 contended | cc |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 which | case |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 contended | obl |
| 16 | Oscar | Oscar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 contended | nsubj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 greatest | punct |
| 18 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 20 greatest | advmod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 greatest | det |
| 20 | greatest | great | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 16 Oscar | appos |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 heroes | case |
| 22 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 heroes | det:predet |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 heroes | det |
| 24 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 heroes | amod |
| 25 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 greatest | nmod |
| 26 | heading | head | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 heroes | acl |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Eireen | det |
| 28 | Fianna | Fianna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Eireen | compound |
| 29 | Eireen | Eireen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 heading | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Oscar | punct |
| 31 | contended | contend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 fought | conj |
| 32 | against | against | ADP | _ | 33 Cairbry | case |
| 33 | Cairbry | Cairbry | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 contended | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Liffey | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Liffey | det |
| 36 | Liffey | Liffey | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Cairbry | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 King | punct |
| 38 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Cairbry | appos |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 Ireland | case |
| 40 | Ireland | Ireland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 King | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 announces | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 announces | cc |
| 43 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 troops | nmod:poss |
| 44 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 50 announces | nsubj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 Cairbry | punct |
| 46 | Cairbry | Cairbry | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 announces | nsubj |
| 47 | on | on | ADP | _ | 49 side | case |
| 48 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 side | nmod:poss |
| 49 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 Cairbry | nmod |
| 50 | announces | announce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 fought | conj |
| 51 | to | to | ADP | _ | 53 warriors | case |
| 52 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 53 warriors | nmod:poss |
| 53 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 announces | obl |
| 54 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 58 perish | mark |
| 55 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 perish | nsubj |
| 56 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 58 perish | aux |
| 57 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 58 perish | advmod |
| 58 | perish | perish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 50 announces | advcl |
| 59 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 battle | case |
| 60 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 61 battle | det |
| 61 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 perish | obl |
| 62 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 63 suffer | mark |
| 63 | suffer | suffer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 perish | advcl |
| 64 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 63 suffer | obj |
| 65 | of | of | ADP | _ | 67 Fianna | case |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 Fianna | det |
| 67 | Fianna | Fianna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 64 one | nmod |
| 68 | to | to | PART | _ | 69 survive | mark |
| 69 | survive | survive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 67 Fianna | acl |
| 70 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 74 spoke | punct |
| 71 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 74 spoke | cc |
| 72 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 74 spoke | mark |
| 73 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 74 spoke | nsubj |
| 74 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 fought | parataxis |
| 75 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 7 fought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | past | the battle of Gabra | century | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | head | gerund | all Irish heroes not said here | the Fianna Eireen | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eireen=Theme | ||||
| 3 | contend | past | Oscar | against Cairbry of the Liffey; which obl | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | announce speech: other | present | Oscar's troops | Oscar's warriors | Cairbry on Oscar's side nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to warrior=Recipient | |||
| 5 | perish | would | Cairbry | this battle | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | suffer | infinitive | Cairbry not said here | one of the Fianna | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | survive | to-infinitive | Cairbry not said here | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | speak speech: other | past | Cairbry | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | battle | Gabra | nom battle «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/2/60/