Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 2
Now, of some of these there have been preserved copies in other later MSS., which differ very little from the copies preserved in the Leabhar na Huidhre, from which we may conclude that these tales had arrived at a fixed state, and a point at which it was considered wrong to interfere with the text.
Who acts: we · What happens: preserve, differ, conclude, arrive, fix, consider · To what, where: some, other MSS, little, copies, Leabhar na Huidhre, tales
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 10 preserved | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 some | case |
| 4 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 preserved | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 these | case |
| 6 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 some | nmod |
| 7 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 10 preserved | expl |
| 8 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 preserved | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 preserved | aux:pass |
| 10 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | copies | copy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 preserved | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 MSS | case |
| 13 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 MSS | amod |
| 14 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 15 MSS | advmod |
| 15 | MSS | MSS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 preserved | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 preserved | punct |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 differ | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 differ | nsubj |
| 19 | differ | differ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 preserved | parataxis |
| 20 | very | very | ADV | _ | 21 little | advmod |
| 21 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 differ | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 copies | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 copies | det |
| 24 | copies | copy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 differ | obl |
| 25 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 copies | acl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 Huidhre | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Huidhre | det |
| 28 | Leabhar | Leabhar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Huidhre | compound |
| 29 | na | na | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Huidhre | compound |
| 30 | Huidhre | Huidhre | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 preserved | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 conclude | punct |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 which | case |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 conclude | obl |
| 34 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 conclude | nsubj |
| 35 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 conclude | aux |
| 36 | conclude | conclude | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 preserved | conj |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 arrived | mark |
| 38 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 39 tales | det |
| 39 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 arrived | nsubj:pass |
| 40 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 arrived | aux |
| 41 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 conclude | ccomp |
| 42 | at | at | ADP | _ | 45 state | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 state | det |
| 44 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 state | amod |
| 45 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 arrived | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 wrong | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 wrong | cc |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 point | det |
| 49 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 wrong | nsubj:outer |
| 50 | at | at | ADP | _ | 51 which | case |
| 51 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 54 considered | obl |
| 52 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 considered | nsubj:pass |
| 53 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 considered | aux:pass |
| 54 | considered | consider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 point | acl:relcl |
| 55 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 differ | conj |
| 56 | to | to | PART | _ | 57 interfere | mark |
| 57 | interfere | interfere | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 55 wrong | csubj |
| 58 | with | with | ADP | _ | 60 text | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 text | det |
| 60 | text | text | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 interfere | obl |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 preserved | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | preserve | present · perfect · passive | some of these | other MSS; there | now | copies obj | tree rules | ||
| 2 | differ | present | little | from the copies; which nsubj | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from copy=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | preserve | participle | the copies not said here | the Leabhar na Huidhre | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | conclude | may | we | which obl | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | arrive | past · perfect · passive | this tales | a fixed state | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | fix | participle | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 7 | consider | past · passive | point | a point | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | interfere | to-infinitive | with the text | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/3/2/