Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 4
The author of the tale in its present form, whenever he lived, composed it, having before him original books which he collated, using his judgment at times upon the materials to his hand.
Who acts: author, original books, Bricrind · What happens: live, compose, have, collate, use, form · To what, where: author, original books, judgment
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (author, original books, Bricrind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 author | det |
| 2 | author | author | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 tale | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 tale | det |
| 5 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 author | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 form | case |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 form | nmod:poss |
| 8 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 form | amod |
| 9 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tale | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 lived | punct |
| 11 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 lived | advmod |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 lived | nsubj |
| 13 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 composed | punct |
| 15 | composed | compose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 lived | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 composed | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 having | punct |
| 18 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 composed | advcl |
| 19 | before | before | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 having | obl |
| 21 | original | original | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 books | amod |
| 22 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 having | obj |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 collated | nsubj |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 collated | nsubj |
| 25 | collated | collate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 books | acl:relcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 using | punct |
| 27 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 having | conj |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 judgment | nmod:poss |
| 29 | judgment | judgment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 using | obj |
| 30 | at | at | ADP | _ | 31 times | case |
| 31 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 using | obl |
| 32 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 34 materials | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 materials | det |
| 34 | materials | material | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 using | obl |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 hand | case |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 hand | nmod:poss |
| 37 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 materials | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | the author of the tale in author's present form | Bricrind nsubj; whenever property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | compose | past | the author of the tale in author's present form not said here | author | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Result | ||||
| 3 | have | gerund | the author of the tale in author's present form not said here | original books | before Bricrind | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient | |||
| 4 | collate | past | original books | Bricrind nsubj | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | use | gerund | the author of the tale in author's present form not said here | Bricrind's judgment | time | upon the materials to Bricrind's hand | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent judgment=Patient | ||
| 6 | form | author | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 7 | judge | Bricrind | nom judgment «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/3/4/