Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 5
At one stage he observes that the books are at variance on a certain point, namely, that at which Cuculain, Conal the Victorious, and Laery Buada go to the lake of Uath in order to be judged by him.
Who acts: Bricrind, books, that · What happens: observe, be, go, judge · To what, where: one stage, variance, lake
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bricrind, books, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 stage | case |
| 2 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 stage | nummod |
| 3 | stage | stage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 observes | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 observes | nsubj |
| 5 | observes | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 variance | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 books | det |
| 8 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 variance | nsubj |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 variance | cop |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 variance | case |
| 11 | variance | variance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 observes | ccomp |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 point | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 point | det |
| 14 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 point | amod |
| 15 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 variance | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 namely | punct |
| 17 | namely | namely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 point | amod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 go | punct |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 31 go | nsubj |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 which | case |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 go | obl |
| 22 | Cuculain | Cuculain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 go | nsubj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 Conal | punct |
| 24 | Conal | Conal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Cuculain | conj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Victorious | det |
| 26 | Victorious | Victorious | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Conal | appos |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 Buada | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 Buada | cc |
| 29 | Laery | Laery | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Buada | compound |
| 30 | Buada | Buada | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Cuculain | conj |
| 31 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 observes | conj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 lake | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 lake | det |
| 34 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 go | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Uath | case |
| 36 | Uath | Uath | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 lake | nmod |
| 37 | in | in | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 41 judged | mark |
| 38 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 in | fixed |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 41 judged | mark |
| 40 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 41 judged | aux:pass |
| 41 | judged | judge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 go | advcl |
| 42 | by | by | ADP | _ | 43 him | case |
| 43 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 judged | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 observes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | observe | present | Bricrind | one stage | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the books | variance | on a certain point | tree rules | |||
| 3 | go | infinitive | that | the lake of Uath | which obl; Cuculain and Conal and Laery Buada nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to lake=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | judge | to-infinitive · passive | Bricrind | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/3/5/