Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 59
I hope on some future occasion to examine more minutely the character and place in literature of the Irish bardic remains, and put forward here these general considerations, from which the reader may presume that the Ultonian cycle, dealing as it does with Cuculain and his contemporaries, is in the main true to the facts of the time, and that his history, and that of the other heroes who figure in these volumes, is, on the whole, and omitting the marvellous, sufficiently reliable.
Who acts: I, reader, sight, other heroes, that · What happens: hope, examine, put forward, presume, deal, do · To what, where: future occasion, character, literature, general considerations, volumes, marvellous
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, reader, sight, other heroes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 hope | nsubj |
| 2 | hope | hope | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 occasion | case |
| 4 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 occasion | det |
| 5 | future | future | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 occasion | amod |
| 6 | occasion | occasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hope | obl |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 examine | mark |
| 8 | examine | examine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 hope | advcl |
| 9 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 10 minutely | advmod |
| 10 | minutely | minutely | ADV | _ | 8 examine | advmod |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 character | det |
| 12 | character | character | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 examine | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 place | cc |
| 14 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 character | conj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 literature | case |
| 16 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 examine | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 remains | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 remains | det |
| 19 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 remains | amod |
| 20 | bardic | bardic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 remains | amod |
| 21 | remains | remains | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 16 literature | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 put | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 put | cc |
| 24 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 hope | conj |
| 25 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 24 put | advmod |
| 26 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 put | advmod |
| 27 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 29 considerations | det |
| 28 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 considerations | amod |
| 29 | considerations | consideration | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 put | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 presume | punct |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 which | case |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 presume | obl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 reader | det |
| 34 | reader | reader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 presume | nsubj |
| 35 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 presume | aux |
| 36 | presume | presume | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 put | conj |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 40 cycle | mark |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 cycle | det |
| 39 | Ultonian | Ultonian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 cycle | compound |
| 40 | cycle | cycle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 presume | ccomp |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 dealing | punct |
| 42 | dealing | deal | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 presume | advcl |
| 43 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 45 does | mark |
| 44 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 does | nsubj |
| 45 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 dealing | advcl |
| 46 | with | with | ADP | _ | 47 Cuculain | case |
| 47 | Cuculain | Cuculain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 does | obl |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 contemporaries | cc |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 contemporaries | nmod:poss |
| 50 | contemporaries | contemporary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 Cuculain | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 true | punct |
| 52 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 56 true | cop |
| 53 | in | in | ADP | _ | 56 true | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 true | det |
| 55 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 true | amod |
| 56 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 put | parataxis |
| 57 | to | to | ADP | _ | 59 facts | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 facts | det |
| 59 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 56 true | parataxis |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 time | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 time | det |
| 62 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 facts | nmod |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 history | punct |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 history | cc |
| 65 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 67 history | mark |
| 66 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 67 history | nmod:poss |
| 67 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 put | obl |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 85 whole | punct |
| 69 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 85 whole | cc |
| 70 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 85 whole | nsubj |
| 71 | of | of | ADP | _ | 74 heroes | case |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 heroes | det |
| 73 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 heroes | amod |
| 74 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 70 that | nmod |
| 75 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 76 figure | nsubj |
| 76 | figure | figure | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 74 heroes | acl:relcl |
| 77 | in | in | ADP | _ | 79 volumes | case |
| 78 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 79 volumes | det |
| 79 | volumes | volume | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 figure | obl |
| 80 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 that | punct |
| 81 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 85 whole | cop |
| 82 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 85 whole | punct |
| 83 | on | on | ADP | _ | 85 whole | case |
| 84 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 85 whole | det |
| 85 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 hope | parataxis |
| 86 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 88 omitting | punct |
| 87 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 88 omitting | cc |
| 88 | omitting | omit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 85 whole | advcl |
| 89 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 90 marvellous | det |
| 90 | marvellous | marvellous | PROPN | Number=Sing | 88 omitting | obj |
| 91 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 93 reliable | punct |
| 92 | sufficiently | sufficiently | ADV | _ | 93 reliable | advmod |
| 93 | reliable | reliable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 90 marvellous | conj |
| 94 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hope | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hope | present | I | some future occasion | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | examine | to-infinitive | I not said here | the character and place | literature of the Irish bardic remains | minutely property | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent character=Theme | ||
| 3 | put forward | participle | I not said here | this general considerations | here | reader's history obl; forward property | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent consideration=Goal | ||
| 4 | presume | may | the reader | which obl; the Ultonian cycle ccomp | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | deal | gerund | the reader not said here | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | do | present | sight | with Cuculain and reader's contemporaries | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | is | present | the facts of the time parataxis; true property | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | figure | present | the other heroes | this volumes | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 9 | is | present | that of the other heroes | whole property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | omit | gerund | that of the other heroes not said here | the marvellous | vn exclude-107.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marvellous=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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