Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 77

The dawn of English history is in the seventh century--a late dawn, dark and sombre, without a ray of cheerful sunshine; that of Ireland dates reliably from a point before the commencement of the Christian era luminous with that light which never was on sea or land--thronged with heroic forms of men and women--terrible with the presence of the supernatural and its over-arching power.

Who acts: dawn, that, light · What happens: be, date, not be, throng, over-arch, ray · To what, where: point, sea, cheerful sunshine, men

This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dawn, that, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dawn	det
2	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 century	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 history	case
4	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 history	amod
5	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dawn	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 century	cop
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 century	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 century	det
9	seventh	seventh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 century	amod
10	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	--	--	PUNCT	_	14 dawn	punct
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 dawn	det
13	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 dawn	amod
14	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 century	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 dark	punct
16	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 dawn	amod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 sombre	cc
18	sombre	sombre	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 dark	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 ray	punct
20	without	without	ADP	_	22 ray	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 ray	det
22	ray	ray	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 dark	conj
23	of	of	ADP	_	25 sunshine	case
24	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 sunshine	amod
25	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 ray	nmod
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 dates	punct
27	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	30 dates	nsubj
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 Ireland	case
29	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 that	nmod
30	dates	date	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 century	parataxis
31	reliably	reliably	ADV	_	30 dates	advmod
32	from	from	ADP	_	34 point	case
33	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 point	det
34	point	point	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 dates	obl
35	before	before	ADP	_	37 commencement	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 commencement	det
37	commencement	commencement	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 dates	obl
38	of	of	ADP	_	41 era	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 era	det
40	Christian	Christian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 era	amod
41	era	era	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 commencement	nmod
42	luminous	luminous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 era	amod
43	with	with	ADP	_	45 light	case
44	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	45 light	det
45	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 luminous	obl
46	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	50 sea	nsubj
47	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	50 sea	advmod
48	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	50 sea	cop
49	on	on	ADP	_	50 sea	case
50	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 light	acl:relcl
51	or	or	CCONJ	_	52 land	cc
52	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 sea	conj
53	--	--	PUNCT	_	54 thronged	punct
54	thronged	throng	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 dates	conj
55	with	with	ADP	_	57 forms	case
56	heroic	heroic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	57 forms	amod
57	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 thronged	obl
58	of	of	ADP	_	59 men	case
59	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	57 forms	nmod
60	and	and	CCONJ	_	61 women	cc
61	women	woman	NOUN	Number=Plur	59 men	conj
62	--	--	PUNCT	_	63 terrible	punct
63	terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	59 men	conj
64	with	with	ADP	_	66 presence	case
65	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	66 presence	det
66	presence	presence	NOUN	Number=Sing	63 terrible	obl
67	of	of	ADP	_	69 supernatural	case
68	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	69 supernatural	det
69	supernatural	supernatural	NOUN	Number=Sing	66 presence	nmod
70	and	and	CCONJ	_	73 power	cc
71	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	73 power	nmod:poss
72	over-arching	over-arch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	73 power	amod
73	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	66 presence	conj
74	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 century	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the dawn of English history				in the seventh century and a late dawn	tree rules
2	date	present	that of Ireland		a point	before the commencement of the Christian era	reliably property	vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not is	past	that light		sea or land		land conj	tree rules
4	throng	past	that of Ireland not said here				with heroic forms of men and women	vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with form=Theme
5	over-arch	gerund						tree rules
6	ray			cheerful sunshine				nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
7	form			men and women				nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/3/77/

🌲 Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 77

The tree

Pragmatics

Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 77