Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 1
Educated Irishmen are ignorant of, and indifferent to, their history; yet from the hold of that history they cannot shake themselves free.
Who acts: Educated Irishmen, Irishmen · What happens: be, not shake, hold · To what, where: Irishmen, history
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Educated Irishmen, Irishmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Educated | educated | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Irishmen | amod |
| 2 | Irishmen | irishman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ignorant | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 ignorant | cop |
| 4 | ignorant | ignorant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 ignorant | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 indifferent | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 indifferent | cc |
| 8 | indifferent | indifferent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 ignorant | conj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 indifferent | xcomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 history | punct |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 history | nmod:poss |
| 12 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ignorant | conj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 hold | punct |
| 14 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 17 hold | advmod |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 hold | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 hold | det |
| 17 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ignorant | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 history | case |
| 19 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 history | det |
| 20 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hold | nmod |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 shake | nsubj |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 shake | aux |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 shake | advmod |
| 24 | shake | shake | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 hold | parataxis |
| 25 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 24 shake | obj |
| 26 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 shake | xcomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 ignorant | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Educated Irishmen | Irishmen's history conj; the hold of that history conj; ignorant property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | Educated Irishmen not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | not shake | can | Irishmen = irishman | Irishmen = irishman | free property | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient | |||
| 4 | hold | that history | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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