Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 79
When and how a knowledge of letters reached this island we know not.
Who acts: knowledge, we · What happens: reach, not know · To what, where: island
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knowledge, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 reached | advmod |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 reached | cc |
| 3 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 reached | advmod |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 knowledge | det |
| 5 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 reached | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 letters | case |
| 7 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 knowledge | nmod |
| 8 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 island | det |
| 10 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 reached | obj |
| 11 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 know | nsubj |
| 12 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 island | acl:relcl |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 know | advmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | a knowledge of letters | this island | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent island=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not know | present | we | this island not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer island=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/5/79/