Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6, sentence 7
Should there be any bardic passage in which Ogham inscriptions are alluded to as if an obscure form of writing, the natural explanation is, that this kind of writing was passing or had passed into desuetude at the time that particular passage was composed; but I have never met with any such.
Who acts: bardic passage, natural explanation, writing, I · What happens: be, allude, pass, compose, not meet, form · To what, where: Ogham inscriptions, bardic passage, kind, desuetude, particular passage, any
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bardic passage, natural explanation, writing, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 be | aux |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 be | expl |
| 3 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 passage | det |
| 5 | bardic | bardic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 passage | amod |
| 6 | passage | passage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 be | nsubj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 which | case |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 alluded | obl |
| 9 | Ogham | Ogham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 inscriptions | compound |
| 10 | inscriptions | inscription | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 alluded | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 alluded | aux:pass |
| 12 | alluded | allude | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 passage | acl:relcl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 alluded | xcomp |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 form | case |
| 15 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 18 form | mark |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 form | det |
| 17 | obscure | obscure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 form | amod |
| 18 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 alluded | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 writing | case |
| 20 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 form | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 kind | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 explanation | det |
| 23 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 explanation | amod |
| 24 | explanation | explanation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 kind | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 kind | cop |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 kind | punct |
| 27 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 kind | mark |
| 28 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 kind | det |
| 29 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 passage | conj |
| 30 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 33 passing | mark |
| 31 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 passing | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 passing | aux |
| 33 | passing | pass | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 kind | acl |
| 34 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 36 passed | cc |
| 35 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 passed | aux |
| 36 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 passing | conj |
| 37 | into | into | ADP | _ | 38 desuetude | case |
| 38 | desuetude | desuetude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 passed | obl |
| 39 | at | at | ADP | _ | 41 time | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 time | det |
| 41 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 passed | obl |
| 42 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 composed | obj |
| 43 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 passage | amod |
| 44 | passage | passage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 composed | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 composed | aux:pass |
| 46 | composed | compose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 time | acl:relcl |
| 47 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 52 met | punct |
| 48 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 52 met | cc |
| 49 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 52 met | nsubj |
| 50 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 met | aux |
| 51 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 52 met | advmod |
| 52 | met | meet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 be | parataxis |
| 53 | with | with | ADP | _ | 54 any | case |
| 54 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 52 met | obj |
| 55 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 any | amod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 be | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | should | any bardic passage and this kind | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | allude | present · passive | Ogham inscriptions | any bardic passage and this kind | as a obscure form of writing | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is a | present | the natural explanation | this kind | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | pass | past · progressive | writing | this kind not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme kind=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | pass | past · perfect | writing not said here | desuetude | time | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into desuetude=Initial_Location | |||
| 6 | compose | past · passive | particular passage | the time | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | not meet | present · perfect | I | any | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent any=Co-Agent | ||||
| 8 | form | writing | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/6/7/