Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Age of Partholan and the Earliest Fomorian Gods., sentence 5
Battles now between the Clan Partholan and the Fomoroh, on the plain of Ith, beside the river Finn, Co. Donegal, so called from Ith [Note: See Vol. I, p. 60], son of Brogan, the most ancient of the heroes, slain here by the Tuatha De Danan, but more anciently known by some lost Fomorian name; also at Iorrus Domnan, now Erris, Co. Mayo, where Kical and his Fomorians first reached Ireland.
Who acts: I, Kical · What happens: call, see, vol., slay, know, lose · To what, where: Battles, Ith Note, p., Ireland · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Age of Partholan and the Earliest Fomorian Gods.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Kical), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Battles | battle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 called | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 Partholan | advmod |
| 3 | between | between | ADP | _ | 6 Partholan | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Partholan | det |
| 5 | Clan | Clan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Partholan | compound |
| 6 | Partholan | Partholan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Battles | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Fomoroh | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Fomoroh | det |
| 9 | Fomoroh | Fomoroh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Partholan | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 plain | punct |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 plain | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 plain | det |
| 13 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Partholan | appos |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Ith | case |
| 15 | Ith | Ith | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 plain | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Finn | punct |
| 17 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 20 Finn | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Finn | det |
| 19 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 Finn | compound |
| 20 | Finn | Finn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Battles | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Co. | punct |
| 22 | Co. | Co. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Finn | conj |
| 23 | Donegal | Donegal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Co. | flat |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 called | punct |
| 25 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 called | advmod |
| 26 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 Note | case |
| 28 | Ith | Ith | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Note | compound |
| 29 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 30 Note | punct |
| 30 | Note | note | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 called | obl |
| 31 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 32 See | punct |
| 32 | See | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 called | advcl |
| 33 | Vol. | vol. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 See | obj |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 Vol. | nsubj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 p. | punct |
| 36 | p. | P. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 See | obj |
| 37 | 60 | 60 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 36 p. | flat |
| 38 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 36 p. | punct |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 son | punct |
| 40 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 See | vocative |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 Brogan | case |
| 42 | Brogan | Brogan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 son | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 ancient | punct |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 ancient | det |
| 45 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 46 ancient | advmod |
| 46 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 son | appos |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 heroes | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 heroes | det |
| 49 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 ancient | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 slain | punct |
| 51 | slain | slay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 ancient | conj |
| 52 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 51 slain | advmod |
| 53 | by | by | ADP | _ | 57 Danan | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 Danan | det |
| 55 | Tuatha | Tuatha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 Danan | compound |
| 56 | De | De | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 Tuatha | flat |
| 57 | Danan | Danan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 slain | obl |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 known | punct |
| 59 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 62 known | cc |
| 60 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 61 anciently | advmod |
| 61 | anciently | anciently | ADV | _ | 62 known | advmod |
| 62 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 called | conj |
| 63 | by | by | ADP | _ | 67 name | case |
| 64 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 67 name | nsubj |
| 65 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 67 name | amod |
| 66 | Fomorian | fomorian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 67 name | amod |
| 67 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 known | obl |
| 68 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 71 Iorrus | punct |
| 69 | also | also | ADV | _ | 71 Iorrus | advmod |
| 70 | at | at | ADP | _ | 71 Iorrus | case |
| 71 | Iorrus | Iorrus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 called | xcomp |
| 72 | Domnan | Domnan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 71 Iorrus | flat |
| 73 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 75 Erris | punct |
| 74 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 75 Erris | advmod |
| 75 | Erris | Erris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 71 Iorrus | conj |
| 76 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 78 Mayo | punct |
| 77 | Co. | Co. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 78 Mayo | compound |
| 78 | Mayo | Mayo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 71 Iorrus | conj |
| 79 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 86 reached | punct |
| 80 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 86 reached | advmod |
| 81 | Kical | Kical | PROPN | Number=Sing | 86 reached | nsubj |
| 82 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 84 Fomorians | cc |
| 83 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 84 Fomorians | nmod:poss |
| 84 | Fomorians | Fomorian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 81 Kical | conj |
| 85 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 86 reached | advmod |
| 86 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 71 Iorrus | acl:relcl |
| 87 | Ireland | Ireland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 86 reached | obj |
| 88 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle · passive | Battles between the Clan Partholan and the Fomoroh beside the river Finn and Co. | Ith Note | Iorrus and Erris and Co. Mayo xcomp | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from note=Source | |||
| 2 | see | infinitive | p. | son of Brogan vocative | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer p.=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | vol. | I | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | slay | participle | here | by the Tuatha Danan | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | know | participle | by lost Fomorian name; anciently property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | lose | participle | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | reach | past | Kical and Kical's Fomorians | Ireland | first property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ireland=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/8/5/