Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 6, sentence 37
I have walked over the old portage from the foot of the Dalles to the St. Louis above--trod by the feet of half-breeds and _voyageurs_ for more than two centuries, and by the Indians for, perhaps, a thousand years.
Who acts: I · What happens: walk, tread · To what, where: old portage
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 walked | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 walked | aux |
| 3 | walked | walk | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | over | over | ADP | _ | 7 portage | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 portage | det |
| 6 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 portage | amod |
| 7 | portage | portage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 walked | obl |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 foot | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 foot | det |
| 10 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 portage | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Dalles | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Dalles | det |
| 13 | Dalles | Dalles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 foot | nmod |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 Louis | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Louis | det |
| 16 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Louis | nmod:desc |
| 17 | Louis | Louis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 walked | obl |
| 18 | above | above | ADV | _ | 3 walked | advmod |
| 19 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 20 trod | punct |
| 20 | trod | tread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 walked | conj |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 feet | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 feet | det |
| 23 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 trod | obl:agent |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 breeds | case |
| 25 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 27 breeds | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 half | punct |
| 27 | breeds | breed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 feet | nmod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 voyageurs | cc |
| 29 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 voyageurs | amod |
| 30 | voyageurs | voyageur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 breeds | conj |
| 31 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 3 walked | punct |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 36 centuries | case |
| 33 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 35 two | advmod |
| 34 | than | than | ADP | _ | 33 more | fixed |
| 35 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 centuries | nummod |
| 36 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 walked | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 Indians | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 Indians | cc |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 Indians | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Indians | det |
| 41 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 walked | obl |
| 42 | for | for | ADP | _ | 3 walked | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 years | punct |
| 44 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 48 years | advmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 perhaps | punct |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 thousand | det |
| 47 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 48 years | nummod |
| 48 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 walked | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 walked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | present · perfect | I | the old portage from the foot of the Dalles | century; year | to the Louis St. result; by the Indians; above property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to louis=Result | ||
| 2 | tread | participle | I not said here | the feet of half breeds and _ voyageurs obl:agent | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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