Legends of the Northwest, The Legend., sentence 25
[c] Stars, the Dakotas say, are the faces of departed friends and relatives on earth.
Who acts: c Stars · What happens: say, be, depart · To what, where: faces · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Legend.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (c Stars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 4 Stars | punct |
| 2 | c | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Stars | compound |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 c | punct |
| 4 | Stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 say | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 Stars | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Dakotas | det |
| 7 | Dakotas | dakota | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 say | nsubj |
| 8 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 faces | punct |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 faces | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 faces | det |
| 12 | faces | face | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 say | ccomp |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 friends | case |
| 14 | departed | depart | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 friends | amod |
| 15 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 faces | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 relatives | cc |
| 17 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 friends | conj |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 earth | case |
| 19 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 relatives | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | c Stars | the Dakotas nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | the faces | of departed friends and relatives on earth | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | depart | participle | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/17/25/