Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, sentence 60
Young again he seemed and gladsome, Glad as Raven when the father Made his first bow from the elm-tree, From the ash tree made his arrows, Taught him how to aim his arrows, How to shoot Wabóse--the rabbit.
Who acts: panther, father · What happens: seem, make, teach, aim, shoot · To what, where: first bow, elm tree, arrows, ash tree, panther, Wabóse
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (panther, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 again | amod |
| 2 | again | again | ADV | _ | 4 seemed | advmod |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 seemed | nsubj |
| 4 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 Glad | cc |
| 6 | gladsome | gladsome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 Glad | amod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 gladsome | punct |
| 8 | Glad | glad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 seemed | conj |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 Raven | case |
| 10 | Raven | Raven | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Glad | obl |
| 11 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 14 Made | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 father | det |
| 13 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 Made | nsubj |
| 14 | Made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 seemed | advcl |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 bow | nmod:poss |
| 16 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 17 bow | amod |
| 17 | bow | bow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 Made | obj |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 tree | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 tree | det |
| 20 | elm | elm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 tree | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 elm | punct |
| 22 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 Made | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 made | punct |
| 24 | From | from | ADP | _ | 27 tree | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 tree | det |
| 26 | ash | ash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 tree | compound |
| 27 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 made | obl |
| 28 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 Made | conj |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 arrows | nmod:poss |
| 30 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 made | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Taught | punct |
| 32 | Taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 seemed | conj |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 Taught | obj |
| 34 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 36 aim | advmod |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 aim | mark |
| 36 | aim | aim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 Taught | xcomp |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 arrows | nmod:poss |
| 38 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 aim | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 shoot | punct |
| 40 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 42 shoot | advmod |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 shoot | mark |
| 42 | shoot | shoot | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 aim | conj |
| 43 | Wabóse | Wabóse | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 shoot | obj |
| 44 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 46 rabbit | punct |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 rabbit | det |
| 46 | rabbit | rabbit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 Wabóse | appos |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 seemed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | past | panther | again | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | past | the father | panther's first bow | the elm tree | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent bow=Product from tree=Material | |||
| 3 | make | past | the father not said here | panther's arrows | the ash tree | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset arrow=Product from tree=Material | |||
| 4 | teach speech: other | past | panther not said here | panther | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | aim | to-infinitive | panther not said here | panther's arrows | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot arrow=Theme | ||||
| 6 | shoot | to-infinitive | panther not said here | Wabóse | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wabóse=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/18/60/