Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1, sentence 76
Then old Péboân--the winter--[1018] Laughed along the stormy waters, Danced upon the windy headlands, On the storm his white hair streaming,-- And his steaming breath, ascending, On the pine-tops and the cedars Fell in frosty mists refulgent, Sprinkling somber shades with silver, Sprinkling all the woods with silver.
Who acts: steaming breath · What happens: laugh, dance, ascend, sprinkle · To what, where: winter, stormy waters, storm, pine tops, somber shades, woods
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (steaming breath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 Péboân | advmod |
| 2 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Péboân | amod |
| 3 | Péboân | Péboân | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 6 winter | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 winter | det |
| 6 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Péboân | appos |
| 7 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 9 1018 | punct |
| 8 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 9 1018 | punct |
| 9 | 1018 | 1018 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 winter | appos |
| 10 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 9 1018 | punct |
| 11 | Laughed | laugh | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 winter | acl |
| 12 | along | along | ADP | _ | 15 waters | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 waters | det |
| 14 | stormy | stormy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 waters | amod |
| 15 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 Laughed | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Danced | punct |
| 17 | Danced | dance | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 waters | acl |
| 18 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 21 headlands | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 headlands | det |
| 20 | windy | windy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 headlands | amod |
| 21 | headlands | headland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 Danced | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 storm | punct |
| 23 | On | on | ADP | _ | 25 storm | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 storm | det |
| 25 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Danced | obl |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 streaming | nmod:poss |
| 27 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 streaming | amod |
| 28 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 streaming | compound |
| 29 | streaming | streaming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 storm | appos |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 breath | punct |
| 31 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 35 breath | punct |
| 32 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 breath | cc |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 breath | nmod:poss |
| 34 | steaming | steaming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 breath | compound |
| 35 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 streaming | conj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 ascending | punct |
| 37 | ascending | ascend | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 breath | acl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 tops | punct |
| 39 | On | on | ADP | _ | 43 tops | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 tops | det |
| 41 | pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 tops | compound |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 pine | punct |
| 43 | tops | top | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 ascending | obl |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 cedars | cc |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 cedars | det |
| 46 | cedars | cedar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 tops | conj |
| 47 | Fell | Fell | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 tops | nmod |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 51 refulgent | case |
| 49 | frosty | frosty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 mists | amod |
| 50 | mists | mist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 refulgent | compound |
| 51 | refulgent | refulgent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 Fell | nmod |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 Sprinkling | punct |
| 53 | Sprinkling | sprinkle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 ascending | conj |
| 54 | somber | somber | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 shades | amod |
| 55 | shades | shade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 Sprinkling | obj |
| 56 | with | with | ADP | _ | 57 silver | case |
| 57 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 Sprinkling | obl |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 Sprinkling | punct |
| 59 | Sprinkling | sprinkle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 ascending | conj |
| 60 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 62 woods | det:predet |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 woods | det |
| 62 | woods | wood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 Sprinkling | obj |
| 63 | with | with | ADP | _ | 64 silver | case |
| 64 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 Sprinkling | obl |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 Péboân | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | participle | the winter not said here | along the stormy waters | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | dance | participle | the stormy waters not said here | the storm | upon the windy headlands | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon headland=Location | |||
| 3 | ascend | gerund | Ka's steaming breath not said here | the pine tops Fell in mists refulgent and the cedars | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | sprinkle | gerund | Ka's steaming breath not said here | somber shades | with silver | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent shade=Destination with silver=Theme | |||
| 5 | sprinkle | gerund | Ka's steaming breath not said here | all woods | with silver | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent wood=Destination with silver=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/18/76/