Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2, sentence 60
Dead she tossed upon the billows; For the Nébe-nâw-baigs knew her, Knew the crafty, wicked woman, And they cast her from the waters, Spurned her from their shining wigwams; Far away upon the shingle With the roaring waves they cast her.
Who acts: Fox, baigs · What happens: toss, know, cast, spurn · To what, where: billows, Fox, crafty wicked woman, waters, shining wigwams
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fox, baigs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dead | dead | ADV | _ | 3 tossed | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 tossed | nsubj |
| 3 | tossed | toss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 billows | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 billows | det |
| 6 | billows | billow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 tossed | obl |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 knew | punct |
| 8 | For | for | ADP | _ | 14 baigs | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 baigs | det |
| 10 | Nébe | Nébe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 baigs | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 Nébe | punct |
| 12 | nâw | nâw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 baigs | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 nâw | punct |
| 14 | baigs | baig | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 knew | obl |
| 15 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 tossed | parataxis |
| 16 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 knew | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Knew | punct |
| 18 | Knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 knew | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 woman | det |
| 20 | crafty | crafty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 woman | amod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 crafty | punct |
| 22 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 woman | amod |
| 23 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Knew | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 cast | punct |
| 25 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 cast | cc |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 cast | nsubj |
| 27 | cast | cast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 tossed | conj |
| 28 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 cast | obj |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 waters | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 waters | det |
| 31 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 cast | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 Spurned | punct |
| 33 | Spurned | spurn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 tossed | conj |
| 34 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 Spurned | obj |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 38 wigwams | case |
| 36 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 wigwams | nmod:poss |
| 37 | shining | shining | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 wigwams | compound |
| 38 | wigwams | wigwam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 Spurned | obl |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 away | punct |
| 40 | Far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 41 away | advmod |
| 41 | away | away | ADV | _ | 3 tossed | advmod |
| 42 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 44 shingle | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 shingle | det |
| 44 | shingle | shingle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 away | obl |
| 45 | With | with | ADP | _ | 48 waves | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 waves | det |
| 47 | roaring | roaring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 waves | compound |
| 48 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 shingle | nmod |
| 49 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 cast | nsubj |
| 50 | cast | cast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 waves | acl:relcl |
| 51 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 cast | obj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 tossed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | toss | past | Fox | the billows | away, dead property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent upon billow=Destination | |||
| 2 | know | past | Fox | for the Nébe nâw baigs | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | know | past | the crafty wicked woman | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer woman=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | cast | past | baigs = baig | Fox | the waters | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent she=Product from water=Material | |||
| 5 | spurn | past | Fox not said here | Fox | waters's shining wigwams | tree rules | |||
| 6 | cast | past | baigs = baig | Fox | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/19/60/