Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 5
He and "I-tó-ka-ga Wi-câs-ta"--the spirit or god of the South (literally the "South Man"), are inveterate enemies, and always on the war-path against each other.
Who acts: I, ga, spirit · What happens: ka, ta, be · To what, where: tó ka, inveterate enemies
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ga, spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 enemies | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 ka | cc |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 ka | punct |
| 4 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 ka | nsubj |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 I | punct |
| 6 | tó | tó | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ka | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 tó | punct |
| 8 | ka | ka | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 He | conj |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 ga | punct |
| 10 | ga | ga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 ta | nsubj |
| 11 | Wi | Wi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 ga | flat |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 câs | punct |
| 13 | câs | câs | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 ta | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 ta | punct |
| 15 | ta | ta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ka | acl:relcl |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 ta | punct |
| 17 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 19 spirit | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 spirit | det |
| 19 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 ta | conj |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 god | cc |
| 21 | god | god | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 spirit | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 South | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 South | det |
| 24 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 god | nmod |
| 25 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 30 Man | punct |
| 26 | literally | literally | ADV | _ | 30 Man | advmod |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Man | det |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 Man | punct |
| 29 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Man | compound |
| 30 | Man | Man | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 South | appos |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 Man | punct |
| 32 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 30 Man | punct |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 He | punct |
| 34 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 enemies | cop |
| 35 | inveterate | inveterate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 enemies | amod |
| 36 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 path | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 path | cc |
| 39 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 44 path | advmod |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 44 path | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 path | det |
| 42 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 path | compound |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 war | punct |
| 44 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 enemies | conj |
| 45 | against | against | ADP | _ | 46 each | case |
| 46 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 44 path | nmod |
| 47 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 each | fixed |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 36 enemies | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ka in a quote | I | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | ta in a quote | ga | tó ka not said here | the spirit or god of the South conj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | spirit | inveterate enemies and the war path against each | the war path against each conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/5/