Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 79
This is done with flint and steel, or by rubbing together pieces of wood till friction produces fire.
Who acts: friction · What happens: do, rub, produce · To what, where: This, pieces, fire
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friction), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 done | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 done | aux:pass |
| 3 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 flint | case |
| 5 | flint | flint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 done | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 steel | cc |
| 7 | steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 flint | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 rubbing | punct |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 rubbing | cc |
| 10 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 11 rubbing | mark |
| 11 | rubbing | rub | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 done | advcl |
| 12 | together | together | ADV | _ | 11 rubbing | advmod |
| 13 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 rubbing | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 wood | case |
| 15 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 pieces | nmod |
| 16 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 18 produces | mark |
| 17 | friction | friction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 produces | nsubj |
| 18 | produces | produce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 rubbing | advcl |
| 19 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 produces | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 done | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | present · passive | This | with flint and steel | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | rub | gerund | pieces of wood | together property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent piece=Theme | ||||
| 3 | produce | present | friction | fire | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/79/