Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 8
Some Dakotas say that the numerous granite boulders, scattered over the prairies of Minnesota and Dakota, were hurled in battle by Wa-zí-ya from his home in the North at "I-tó-ka-ga Wi-câs-ta."
Who acts: Dakotas, Wa zí ya · What happens: say, scatter, hurl · To what, where: numerous granite boulders, prairies, battle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas, Wa zí ya), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 Dakotas | det |
| 2 | Dakotas | dakota | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 say | nsubj |
| 3 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 hurled | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 boulders | det |
| 6 | numerous | numerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 boulders | amod |
| 7 | granite | granite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 boulders | compound |
| 8 | boulders | boulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 hurled | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 scattered | punct |
| 10 | scattered | scatter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 boulders | acl |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 13 prairies | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 prairies | det |
| 13 | prairies | prairie | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 scattered | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Minnesota | case |
| 15 | Minnesota | Minnesota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 prairies | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 Dakota | cc |
| 17 | Dakota | Dakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Minnesota | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 boulders | punct |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 hurled | aux:pass |
| 20 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 say | ccomp |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 battle | case |
| 22 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hurled | obl |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 ya | case |
| 24 | Wa | Wa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 ya | compound |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 Wa | punct |
| 26 | zí | zí | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ya | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 zí | punct |
| 28 | ya | ya | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hurled | obl |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 home | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 home | nmod:poss |
| 31 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ya | nmod |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 North | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 North | det |
| 34 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 home | nmod |
| 35 | at | at | ADP | _ | 41 ka | case |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 ka | punct |
| 37 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 ka | nsubj |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 I | punct |
| 39 | tó | tó | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 ka | compound |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 tó | punct |
| 41 | ka | ka | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 ta | obl |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 ka | punct |
| 43 | ga | ga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 ta | compound |
| 44 | Wi | Wi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 ga | flat |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 46 câs | punct |
| 46 | câs | câs | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 ta | compound |
| 47 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 46 câs | punct |
| 48 | ta | ta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hurled | parataxis |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 say | punct |
| 50 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | some Dakotas | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | scatter | participle | the numerous granite boulders not said here | the prairies of Minnesota and Dakota | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme over prairie=Destination | ||||
| 3 | hurl | past · passive | Wa zí ya from ga's home in the North | the numerous granite boulders | battle | ga câs ta at tó ka I parataxis | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/8/