Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 129
Rev. S. W. Pond, whose long residence as a missionary among the Dakotas in this immediate vicinity makes him an authority that can hardly be questioned, says "they called the Falls of Minnehaha "Mini-i-hrpâ-ya dan," and it had no other name in Dakota.
Who acts: S., authorities, Mini, hrpâ · What happens: make, question, say, call, dan, have · To what, where: authority, residence, Falls, other name, Dakota · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (S., authorities, Mini, hrpâ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rev. | Rev. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 S. | nmod:desc |
| 2 | S. | S. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 makes | nsubj |
| 3 | W. | W. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 S. | flat |
| 4 | Pond | Pond | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 S. | flat |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 residence | punct |
| 6 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 8 residence | nmod:poss |
| 7 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 residence | amod |
| 8 | residence | residence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 makes | nsubj |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 11 missionary | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 missionary | det |
| 11 | missionary | missionary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 residence | nmod |
| 12 | among | among | ADP | _ | 14 Dakotas | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Dakotas | det |
| 14 | Dakotas | dakota | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 missionary | nmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 vicinity | case |
| 16 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 vicinity | det |
| 17 | immediate | immediate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 vicinity | amod |
| 18 | vicinity | vicinity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 Dakotas | nmod |
| 19 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 makes | obj |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 authority | det |
| 22 | authority | authority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 makes | obj |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 questioned | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 questioned | aux |
| 25 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 27 questioned | advmod |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 questioned | aux:pass |
| 27 | questioned | question | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 authority | acl:relcl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 says | punct |
| 29 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 makes | conj |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 called | punct |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 called | nsubj |
| 32 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 says | ccomp |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Falls | det |
| 34 | Falls | Falls | PROPN | Number=Plur | 32 called | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Minnehaha | case |
| 36 | Minnehaha | Minnehaha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Falls | nmod |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 dan | punct |
| 38 | Mini | Mini | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 dan | nsubj |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 45 dan | punct |
| 40 | i | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 45 dan | nsubj |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 hrpâ | punct |
| 42 | hrpâ | hrpâ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 dan | nsubj |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 hrpâ | punct |
| 44 | ya | ya | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 dan | compound |
| 45 | dan | dan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 called | xcomp |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 dan | punct |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 dan | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 had | cc |
| 49 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 had | nsubj |
| 50 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 called | conj |
| 51 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 53 name | det |
| 52 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 name | amod |
| 53 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 had | obj |
| 54 | in | in | ADP | _ | 55 Dakota | case |
| 55 | Dakota | Dakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 had | obl |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 makes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | S. Rev. | a authority | residence | long residence as a missionary among the Dakotas in this immediate vicinity nsubj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset he=Beneficiary authority=Product | ||
| 2 | question speech: other | can · passive | a authority | hardly property | vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | S. Rev. not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | call in a quote | past | authorities = authority | the Falls of Minnehaha | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent falls=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | dan | Mini | i nsubj; hrpâ nsubj | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | have in a quote | past | hrpâ | no other name | Dakota | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/21/129/