Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 128
Some authorities say they called it I-ha-ha pronounced E-rhah-rhah--lightly laughing.
Who acts: authorities, I, ha ha · What happens: say, call, ha, pronounce, laugh · To what, where: name, E-rhah-rhah · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (authorities, I, ha ha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 authorities | det |
| 2 | authorities | authority | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 say | nsubj |
| 3 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 called | nsubj |
| 5 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 say | ccomp |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 called | obj |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 ha | nsubj |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 I | punct |
| 9 | ha | ha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ha | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 ha | punct |
| 11 | ha | ha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 called | xcomp |
| 12 | pronounced | pronounce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 ha | acl |
| 13 | E-rhah-rhah | E-rhah-rhah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 pronounced | obj |
| 14 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 16 laughing | punct |
| 15 | lightly | lightly | ADV | _ | 16 laughing | advmod |
| 16 | laughing | laugh | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 say | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | some authorities | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | call | past | authorities = authority | name | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | ha | I | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | pronounce | participle | ha ha not said here | E-rhah-rhah | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent e-rhah-rhah=Result | ||||
| 5 | laugh | gerund | some authorities not said here | lightly property | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/21/128/