Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 141
The Dakotas had no Wakan Tanka--or Wakan-péta--fire spirit--till whitemen imported them.
Who acts: Dakotas, whitemen · What happens: have, import · To what, where: Wakan Tanka, Dakotas
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas, whitemen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Dakotas | det |
| 2 | Dakotas | dakota | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 Tanka | det |
| 5 | Wakan | Wakan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Tanka | compound |
| 6 | Tanka | Tanka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 had | obj |
| 7 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 11 péta | punct |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 péta | cc |
| 9 | Wakan | Wakan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 péta | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 Wakan | punct |
| 11 | péta | péta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 had | obj |
| 12 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 14 spirit | punct |
| 13 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 spirit | compound |
| 14 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 péta | appos |
| 15 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 18 imported | punct |
| 16 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 18 imported | mark |
| 17 | whitemen | whitemen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 imported | nsubj |
| 18 | imported | import | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | conj |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 imported | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the Dakotas | no Wakan Tanka | Wakan péta obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | import | past | whitemen | Dakotas = dakota | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/21/141/