Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 142
There being no name for the Supreme Being in the Dakota tongue (except Tá-ku Wakan--See note 73)--and all their gods and spirits being Wakan--the missionaries named God in Dakota--"_Wakan Tanka_"--which means _Big Spirit_, or _The Big Mysterious_.]
Who acts: Supreme, gods, Tá · What happens: be, name, mean · To what, where: name, Wakan, missionaries, Dakota, Big Spirit, There
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Supreme, gods, Tá), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | root | root |
| 2 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 name | cop |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 name | det |
| 4 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 There | obl |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 tongue | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Supreme | det |
| 7 | Supreme | Supreme | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 tongue | nsubj |
| 8 | Being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 tongue | cop |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 tongue | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 tongue | det |
| 11 | Dakota | Dakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 tongue | compound |
| 12 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 name | nmod |
| 13 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 Tá | punct |
| 14 | except | except | ADP | _ | 15 Tá | case |
| 15 | Tá | Tá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 tongue | appos |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 Tá | punct |
| 17 | ku | ku | X | Foreign=Yes | 18 Wakan | advmod |
| 18 | Wakan | Wakan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Tá | flat |
| 19 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 21 note | punct |
| 20 | See | see | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 note | amod |
| 21 | note | note | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Tá | appos |
| 22 | 73 | 73 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 note | flat |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 73 | punct |
| 24 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 32 Wakan | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 Wakan | cc |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 gods | det:predet |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 gods | nmod:poss |
| 28 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 Wakan | nsubj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 spirits | cc |
| 30 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 gods | conj |
| 31 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 Wakan | cop |
| 32 | Wakan | Wakan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Tá | conj |
| 33 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 35 missionaries | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 missionaries | det |
| 35 | missionaries | missionary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 Tá | conj |
| 36 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 missionaries | acl |
| 37 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 named | xcomp |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 Dakota | case |
| 39 | Dakota | Dakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 named | obl |
| 40 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 44 Tanka | punct |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 44 Tanka | punct |
| 42 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 44 Tanka | punct |
| 43 | Wakan | Wakan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 Tanka | compound |
| 44 | Tanka | Tanka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Tá | conj |
| 45 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 Tá | punct |
| 46 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Tá | punct |
| 47 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 49 means | punct |
| 48 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 49 means | nsubj |
| 49 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 Tá | parataxis |
| 50 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 52 Spirit | punct |
| 51 | Big | Big | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 Spirit | flat |
| 52 | Spirit | Spirit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 means | obj |
| 53 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 52 Spirit | punct |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 Mysterious | punct |
| 55 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 59 Mysterious | cc |
| 56 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 55 or | punct |
| 57 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 Mysterious | det |
| 58 | Big | Big | PROPN | Number=Sing | 59 Mysterious | flat |
| 59 | Mysterious | Mysterious | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 means | parataxis |
| 60 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 59 Mysterious | punct |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 Tá | punct |
| 62 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 15 Tá | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | gerund | no name | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is | gerund | the Supreme | for the Dakota tongue; Tá and Wakan and the missionaries and Wakan Tanka appos | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | gerund | Tá's gods and spirits | Wakan | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | name | participle | the missionaries not said here | Dakota | God xcomp | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 5 | mean | present | Tá and Wakan and the missionaries and Wakan Tanka | Big Spirit | the Big Mysterious parataxis | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spirit=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/21/142/