Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 26
[Footnote 61: When a Dakota is sick, he thinks the spirit of an enemy or some animal has entered into his body, and the principal business of the "medicine man"--_Wicasta Wakan_--is to cast out the "unclean spirit," with incantations and charms.
Who acts: Dakota, Dakotas, principal business · What happens: be, think, enter · To what, where: spirit, body, Footnote · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakota, Dakotas, principal business), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 Footnote | punct |
| 2 | Footnote | footnote | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | 61 | 61 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 Footnote | flat |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 sick | punct |
| 5 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 9 sick | mark |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 Dakota | det |
| 7 | Dakota | Dakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 sick | nsubj |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 sick | cop |
| 9 | sick | sick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Footnote | parataxis |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 thinks | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 thinks | nsubj |
| 12 | thinks | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 sick | advcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 spirit | det |
| 14 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 entered | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 enemy | case |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 enemy | det |
| 17 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 spirit | nmod |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 animal | cc |
| 19 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 20 animal | det |
| 20 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 enemy | conj |
| 21 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 entered | aux |
| 22 | entered | enter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 thinks | ccomp |
| 23 | into | into | ADP | _ | 25 body | case |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 body | nmod:poss |
| 25 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 entered | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 cast | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 cast | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 business | det |
| 29 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 business | amod |
| 30 | business | business | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 cast | nsubj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 man | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 man | det |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 man | punct |
| 34 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 man | compound |
| 35 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 business | nmod |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 man | punct |
| 37 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 39 Wicasta | punct |
| 38 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 39 Wicasta | punct |
| 39 | Wicasta | Wicasta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 business | appos |
| 40 | Wakan | Wakan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Wicasta | flat |
| 41 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 39 Wicasta | punct |
| 42 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 30 business | punct |
| 43 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 cast | cop |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 cast | mark |
| 45 | cast | cast | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 sick | conj |
| 46 | out | out | ADP | _ | 45 cast | compound:prt |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 spirit | det |
| 48 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 50 spirit | punct |
| 49 | unclean | unclean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 spirit | amod |
| 50 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 cast | obj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 incantations | punct |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 54 incantations | punct |
| 53 | with | with | ADP | _ | 54 incantations | case |
| 54 | incantations | incantation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 spirit | appos |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 charms | cc |
| 56 | charms | charm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 incantations | conj |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 Footnote | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a Dakota | sick property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | present | Dakotas | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | enter | present · perfect · passive | the spirit of a enemy or some animal | Dakotas's body | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the principal business of the medicine man | the unclean spirit obj; cast property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/21/26/