Legends of the Northwest, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance., sentence 72
But waking she murmured--"And what are these-- The flap of wings and the falling star, The wailing spirit that's never at ease, The little man crouching under the trees, And the hateful visage of Hârpstinà?
Who acts: that, little man · What happens: wake, murmur, be, fall, not be, crouch · To what, where: flap, these, ease, trees · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, little man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 murmured | cc |
| 2 | waking | wake | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 murmured | nsubj |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 murmured | nsubj |
| 4 | murmured | murmur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 4 murmured | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 murmured | punct |
| 7 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 what | cc |
| 8 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 murmured | obl |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 these | cop |
| 10 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 8 what | nsubj |
| 11 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 13 flap | punct |
| 12 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 flap | det |
| 13 | flap | flap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 murmured | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 wings | case |
| 15 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 flap | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 star | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 star | det |
| 18 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 star | amod |
| 19 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 wings | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 spirit | punct |
| 21 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 spirit | det |
| 22 | wailing | wailing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 spirit | compound |
| 23 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 flap | conj |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 ease | nsubj |
| 25 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 ease | cop |
| 26 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 28 ease | advmod |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 28 ease | case |
| 28 | ease | ease | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 spirit | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 man | punct |
| 30 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 man | det |
| 31 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 man | amod |
| 32 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ease | appos |
| 33 | crouching | crouch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 man | acl |
| 34 | under | under | ADP | _ | 36 trees | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 trees | det |
| 36 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 crouching | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 visage | punct |
| 38 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 visage | cc |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 visage | det |
| 40 | hateful | hateful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 visage | amod |
| 41 | visage | visage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 murmured | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 Hârpstinà | case |
| 43 | Hârpstinà | Hârpstinà | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 visage | nmod |
| 44 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 murmured | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wake | gerund | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | murmur speech: other | past | the flap of wings and the falling star and the wailing spirit | the hateful visage of Hârpstinà obl; sleeper nsubj; what obl | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | these | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | fall in a quote | gerund | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | not is in a quote | present | that | ease | the little man appos | tree rules | |||
| 6 | crouch in a quote | gerund | the little man not said here | the trees | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under tree=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/72/