Legends of the Northwest, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance., sentence 79
But the brawny bulls in the swarthy van Turned their polished horns to the charging foes, And reckless rider and fleet foot-man Were held at bay in the drifted snows, While the bellowing herd o'er the hill-tops ran, Like the frightened beasts of a caravan On the Sahara's sands when the simoon blows.
Who acts: brawny bulls, bellowing herd, simoon · What happens: turn, polish, hold, drift, bellow, run · To what, where: polished horns, charging foes, reckless rider, bay
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brawny bulls, bellowing herd, simoon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 Turned | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 bulls | det |
| 3 | brawny | brawny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 bulls | amod |
| 4 | bulls | bull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 Turned | nsubj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 van | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 van | det |
| 7 | swarthy | swarthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 van | amod |
| 8 | van | van | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bulls | nmod |
| 9 | Turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 horns | nmod:poss |
| 11 | polished | polish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 horns | amod |
| 12 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 Turned | obj |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 foes | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 foes | det |
| 15 | charging | charging | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 foes | compound |
| 16 | foes | foe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 Turned | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 held | punct |
| 18 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 held | cc |
| 19 | reckless | reckless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 rider | amod |
| 20 | rider | rider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 held | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 man | cc |
| 22 | fleet | fleet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 man | amod |
| 23 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 man | compound |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 foot | punct |
| 25 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 rider | conj |
| 26 | Were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 held | aux:pass |
| 27 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 Turned | conj |
| 28 | at | at | ADP | _ | 29 bay | case |
| 29 | bay | bay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 held | obl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 snows | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 snows | det |
| 32 | drifted | drift | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 snows | amod |
| 33 | snows | snow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 bay | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 ran | punct |
| 35 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 44 ran | mark |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 herd | det |
| 37 | bellowing | bellow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 herd | amod |
| 38 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 ran | nsubj |
| 39 | o'er | o'er | ADP | _ | 43 tops | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 tops | det |
| 41 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 tops | compound |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 hill | punct |
| 43 | tops | top | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 herd | nmod |
| 44 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 Turned | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 beasts | punct |
| 46 | Like | like | ADP | _ | 49 beasts | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 beasts | det |
| 48 | frightened | frightened | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 beasts | amod |
| 49 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 ran | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 caravan | case |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 caravan | det |
| 52 | caravan | caravan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 beasts | nmod |
| 53 | On | on | ADP | _ | 57 sands | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 Sahara | det |
| 55 | Sahara | Sahara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 sands | nmod:poss |
| 56 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 55 Sahara | case |
| 57 | sands | sand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 caravan | nmod |
| 58 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 61 blows | mark |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 simoon | det |
| 60 | simoon | simoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 blows | nsubj |
| 61 | blows | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 57 sands | acl:relcl |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 Turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | past | the brawny bulls in the swarthy van | bulls's polished horns | the charging foes | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent horn=Theme to foe=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | polish | participle | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | hold | past · passive | reckless rider and fleet foot man | bay in the drifted snows | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme at bay=Location | ||||
| 4 | drift | participle | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | bellow | gerund | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | run | past | the bellowing herd o'er the hill tops | like the frightened beasts of a caravan on the Sahara's sands | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | blow | present | the simoon | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/79/