Legends of the Northwest, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance., sentence 80
Sharp were the twangs of the hunters' bows, And swift and humming the arrows sped, Till ten huge bulls on the bloody snows Lay pierced with arrows and dumb and dead.
Who acts: swift, bloody · What happens: be, hum, speed, snow, pierce · To what, where: twangs, arrows, Lay, ten huge bulls
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Heyóka Wacípee [16]--the Giant's Dance.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swift, bloody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sharp | sharp | ADV | _ | 4 twangs | advmod |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 twangs | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 twangs | det |
| 4 | twangs | twang | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 bows | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 hunters | det |
| 7 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 bows | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 7 hunters | case |
| 9 | bows | bow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 twangs | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 sped | punct |
| 11 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 sped | cc |
| 12 | swift | swift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 sped | nsubj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 humming | cc |
| 14 | humming | hum | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 swift | conj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 arrows | det |
| 16 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 humming | obj |
| 17 | sped | speed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 twangs | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 bulls | punct |
| 19 | Till | till | ADP | _ | 22 bulls | case |
| 20 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 bulls | nummod |
| 21 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 bulls | amod |
| 22 | bulls | bull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 sped | obl |
| 23 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 26 snows | mark |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 bloody | det |
| 25 | bloody | bloody | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 snows | nsubj |
| 26 | snows | snow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 pierced | advcl |
| 27 | Lay | Lay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 snows | obj |
| 28 | pierced | pierce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 bulls | acl:relcl |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 arrows | case |
| 30 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 pierced | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 dumb | cc |
| 32 | dumb | dumb | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 arrows | conj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 dead | cc |
| 34 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 dumb | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 twangs | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the twangs | of the hunters's bows; sharp property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hum | gerund | swift not said here | the arrows | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Topic | ||||
| 3 | speed | past | swift | till ten huge bulls | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | snow | present | the bloody | Lay | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | pierce | participle | ten huge bulls not said here | with arrows | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with arrow=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/80/