Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 1, sentence 41
She flew in the air, and her wail--we could hear it, As she upward rose to the shining stars; And we heard on the river, as we stood near it, The falling drops of Wiwâstè's tears."
Who acts: pathway, wail, we · What happens: fly, hear, rise, shine, stand, fall · To what, where: air, shining stars, river, falling drops, wail
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pathway, wail, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 flew | nsubj |
| 2 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 air | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 air | det |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 flew | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 hear | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 hear | cc |
| 8 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 wail | nmod:poss |
| 9 | wail | wail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hear | nsubj |
| 10 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 9 wail | punct |
| 11 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 hear | nsubj |
| 12 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 hear | aux |
| 13 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 flew | conj |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 hear | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 rose | punct |
| 16 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 rose | mark |
| 17 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 rose | nsubj |
| 18 | upward | upward | ADV | _ | 19 rose | advmod |
| 19 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 flew | conj |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 stars | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 stars | det |
| 22 | shining | shine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 stars | amod |
| 23 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 rose | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 heard | punct |
| 25 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 heard | cc |
| 26 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 heard | nsubj |
| 27 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 flew | conj |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 river | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 river | det |
| 30 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 heard | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 stood | punct |
| 32 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 34 stood | mark |
| 33 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 stood | nsubj |
| 34 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 heard | conj |
| 35 | near | near | ADP | _ | 36 it | case |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 stood | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 drops | punct |
| 38 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 drops | det |
| 39 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 drops | amod |
| 40 | drops | drop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 stood | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 tears | case |
| 42 | Wiwâstè | Wiwâstè | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 tears | nmod:poss |
| 43 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 42 Wiwâstè | case |
| 44 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 drops | nmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 heard | punct |
| 46 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | past | pathway | the air | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in air=Location | ||||
| 2 | hear | could | pathway's wail | air | we nsubj | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | rise | past | pathway | the shining stars | upward property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to star=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | shine | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | hear | past | we | the river | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | stand | past | we | the falling drops of Wiwâstè's tears | wail | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near it=Location | |||
| 7 | fall | gerund | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 8 | wail | pathway | nom wail «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/8/41/