Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 1, sentence 42
Wakâwa thought of his daughter's words Ere the south-wind came and the piping birds-- "My Father, listen,--my words are true," And sad was her voice as the whippowil When she mourns her mate by the moon-lit rill, "Wiwâstè lingers alone with you; The rest are sleeping on yonder hill-- Save one--and he an undutiful son,-- And you, my Father, will sit alone When Sisóka [53] sings and the snow is gone."
Who acts: Wakâwa, Ere, words, Wiwâstè, rest, you · What happens: think, come, listen, be, mourn, lit · To what, where: piping birds, sad voice, mate, hill, one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wakâwa, Ere, words, Wiwâstè), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wakâwa | Wakâwa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 thought | nsubj |
| 2 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 words | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 daughter | nmod:poss |
| 5 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 words | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 daughter | case |
| 7 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 came | obl |
| 8 | Ere | Ere | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 came | nsubj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 wind | det |
| 10 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 wind | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 south | punct |
| 12 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Ere | appos |
| 13 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 thought | ccomp |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 birds | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 birds | det |
| 16 | piping | piping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 birds | compound |
| 17 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 came | obj |
| 18 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 21 Father | punct |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 Father | punct |
| 20 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 Father | nmod:poss |
| 21 | Father | Father | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 birds | appos |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 listen | punct |
| 23 | listen | listen | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 21 Father | parataxis |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 true | punct |
| 25 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 29 true | punct |
| 26 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 words | nmod:poss |
| 27 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 true | nsubj |
| 28 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 true | cop |
| 29 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 listen | ccomp |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Father | punct |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 Father | punct |
| 32 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 voice | cc |
| 33 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 voice | amod |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 voice | cop |
| 35 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 voice | nmod:poss |
| 36 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 birds | conj |
| 37 | as | as | ADP | _ | 39 whippowil | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 whippowil | det |
| 39 | whippowil | whippowil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 voice | nmod |
| 40 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 42 mourns | advmod |
| 41 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 mourns | nsubj |
| 42 | mourns | mourn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 birds | advcl |
| 43 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 mate | nmod:poss |
| 44 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 mourns | obj |
| 45 | by | by | ADP | _ | 50 rill | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 rill | det |
| 47 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 lit | compound |
| 48 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 47 moon | punct |
| 49 | lit | lit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 rill | amod |
| 50 | rill | rill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 mourns | obl |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 lingers | punct |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 54 lingers | punct |
| 53 | Wiwâstè | Wiwâstè | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 lingers | nsubj |
| 54 | lingers | linger | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 mourns | conj |
| 55 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 54 lingers | advmod |
| 56 | with | with | ADP | _ | 57 you | case |
| 57 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 54 lingers | obl |
| 58 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 62 sleeping | punct |
| 59 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 rest | det |
| 60 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 sleeping | nsubj |
| 61 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 62 sleeping | aux |
| 62 | sleeping | sleep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 thought | ccomp |
| 63 | on | on | ADP | _ | 65 hill | case |
| 64 | yonder | yonder | ADV | _ | 65 hill | advmod |
| 65 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 sleeping | obl |
| 66 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 67 Save | punct |
| 67 | Save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 62 sleeping | conj |
| 68 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 67 Save | obj |
| 69 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 74 son | punct |
| 70 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 son | cc |
| 71 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 74 son | nsubj |
| 72 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 74 son | det |
| 73 | undutiful | undutiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 son | amod |
| 74 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 thought | ccomp |
| 75 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 84 sit | punct |
| 76 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 84 sit | punct |
| 77 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 84 sit | cc |
| 78 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 84 sit | nsubj |
| 79 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 81 Father | punct |
| 80 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 81 Father | nmod:poss |
| 81 | Father | Father | PROPN | Number=Sing | 78 you | appos |
| 82 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 81 Father | punct |
| 83 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 84 sit | aux |
| 84 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 74 son | appos |
| 85 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 84 sit | advmod |
| 86 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 91 sings | mark |
| 87 | Sisóka | Sisóka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 91 sings | nsubj |
| 88 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 89 53 | punct |
| 89 | 53 | 53 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 87 Sisóka | appos |
| 90 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 89 53 | punct |
| 91 | sings | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 84 sit | advcl |
| 92 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 96 gone | cc |
| 93 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 94 snow | det |
| 94 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 96 gone | nsubj |
| 95 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 96 gone | cop |
| 96 | gone | gone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 91 sings | conj |
| 97 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 84 sit | punct |
| 98 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 84 sit | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | Wakâwa | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | come | past | Ere | the piping birds and Ere's sad voice | of Wakâwa's daughter's words | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bird=Theme | |||
| 3 | listen in a quote | infinitive | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | my words | true property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be speech: other | past | Ere not said here | Ere's sad voice | as the whippowil; Ere nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 6 | mourn | present | Ere | Ere's mate | by the lit rill | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mate=Stimulus | |||
| 7 | lit | participle | moon compound | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | linger in a quote | present | Wiwâstè | with you; alone property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 9 | sleep in a quote | present · progressive | the rest | hill | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 10 | save in a quote | infinitive | the rest not said here | one | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | ||||
| 11 | son in a quote | rest | tree rules | ||||||
| 12 | sit in a quote | future | you | alone property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 13 | sing speech: express in a quote | present | Sisóka | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | |||||
| 14 | is in a quote | present | the snow | gone property | tree rules | ||||
| 15 | word | Wakâwa's daughter | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 16 | word in a quote | my | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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