In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 123
A special chapter should certainly be given to the incense-bags (_kusadama_) hung up in houses to drive away goblins,—and to the smaller incense-bags formerly carried about the person as a protection against evil spirits.
Who acts: incense bags · What happens: give, hang up, drive away, carry · To what, where: special chapter, houses, goblins, smaller incense bags
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (incense bags), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 chapter | det |
| 2 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 chapter | amod |
| 3 | chapter | chapter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 given | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 given | aux |
| 5 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 7 given | advmod |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 given | aux:pass |
| 7 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 hung | advcl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 bags | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 bags | det |
| 10 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bags | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 incense | punct |
| 12 | bags | bag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 hung | nsubj |
| 13 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 kusadama | punct |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 kusadama | punct |
| 15 | kusadama | kusadama | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bags | appos |
| 16 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 kusadama | punct |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 15 kusadama | punct |
| 18 | hung | hang | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 hung | compound:prt |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 houses | case |
| 21 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 hung | obl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 drive | mark |
| 23 | drive | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 hung | advcl |
| 24 | away | away | ADV | _ | 23 drive | advmod |
| 25 | goblins | goblin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 drive | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 carried | punct |
| 27 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 carried | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 carried | cc |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 bags | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 bags | det |
| 31 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 bags | amod |
| 32 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 bags | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 incense | punct |
| 34 | bags | bag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 carried | obl |
| 35 | formerly | formerly | ADV | _ | 36 carried | advmod |
| 36 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 hung | conj |
| 37 | about | about | ADP | _ | 39 person | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 person | det |
| 39 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 carried | obl |
| 40 | as | as | ADP | _ | 42 protection | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 protection | det |
| 42 | protection | protection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 carried | obl |
| 43 | against | against | ADP | _ | 45 spirits | case |
| 44 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 spirits | amod |
| 45 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 carried | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 hung | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | should · passive | a special chapter | certainly property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hang up | past | the incense bags | houses | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in house=Location | ||||
| 3 | drive away | to-infinitive | the incense bags not said here | goblins | away property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goblin=Theme | |||
| 4 | carry | past | the incense bags not said here | the smaller incense bags | about the person; as a protection; against evil spirits; formerly property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to bag=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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