In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 127
And a final chapter should treat of the romantic literature of incense,—the poems, stories, and dramas in which incense-rites are mentioned; and especially those love-songs comparing the body to incense, and passion to the eating flame:—
Who acts: final chapter, love songs · What happens: treat, mention, compare, incense · To what, where: poems, incense rites, body
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (final chapter, love songs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 treat | cc |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 chapter | det |
| 3 | final | final | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 chapter | amod |
| 4 | chapter | chapter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 treat | nsubj |
| 5 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 treat | aux |
| 6 | treat | treat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 literature | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 literature | det |
| 9 | romantic | romantic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 literature | amod |
| 10 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 treat | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 incense | case |
| 12 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 literature | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 literature | punct |
| 14 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 poems | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 poems | det |
| 16 | poems | poem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 treat | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 stories | punct |
| 18 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 poems | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 dramas | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 dramas | cc |
| 21 | dramas | drama | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 poems | conj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 which | case |
| 23 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 26 rites | det |
| 24 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 rites | compound |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 incense | punct |
| 26 | rites | rite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 mentioned | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 mentioned | aux:pass |
| 28 | mentioned | mention | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 dramas | acl:relcl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 songs | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 songs | cc |
| 31 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 35 songs | advmod |
| 32 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 35 songs | det |
| 33 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 songs | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 love | punct |
| 35 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 treat | conj |
| 36 | comparing | compare | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 songs | acl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 body | det |
| 38 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 comparing | obj |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 incense | mark |
| 40 | incense | incense | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 comparing | advcl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 passion | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 passion | cc |
| 43 | passion | passion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 songs | obl |
| 44 | to | to | ADP | _ | 47 flame | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 flame | det |
| 46 | eating | eating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 flame | compound |
| 47 | flame | flame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 passion | nmod |
| 48 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 treat | punct |
| 49 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 treat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | treat | should | a final chapter | the poems and stories and dramas | of the romantic literature of incense; that love songs passion to the eating flame conj | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | mention speech: other | present · passive | which incense rites | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 3 | compare | gerund | that love songs passion to the eating flame not said here | the body | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Patient | ||||
| 4 | incense | to-infinitive | that love songs passion to the eating flame not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/127/