In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 126
One chapter at least would be required for the subject of the ancient importation of incense-materials from India, China, Annam, Siam, Cambodia, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and various islands of the Malay archipelago,—places all named in rare books about incense.
What happens: require, name, import · To what, where: One chapter, places, rare books, incense materials
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 chapter | nummod |
| 2 | chapter | chapter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 required | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 least | case |
| 4 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 chapter | nmod |
| 5 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 required | aux |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 required | aux:pass |
| 7 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 subject | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 subject | det |
| 10 | subject | subject | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 required | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 importation | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 importation | det |
| 13 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 importation | amod |
| 14 | importation | importation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 subject | nmod |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 materials | case |
| 16 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 materials | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 incense | punct |
| 18 | materials | material | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 importation | nmod |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 India | case |
| 20 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 materials | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 China | punct |
| 22 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 India | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 Annam | punct |
| 24 | Annam | Annam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 India | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Siam | punct |
| 26 | Siam | Siam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 India | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 Cambodia | punct |
| 28 | Cambodia | Cambodia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 India | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 Ceylon | punct |
| 30 | Ceylon | Ceylon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 India | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Sumatra | punct |
| 32 | Sumatra | Sumatra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 India | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 Java | punct |
| 34 | Java | Java | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 India | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Borneo | punct |
| 36 | Borneo | Borneo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 India | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 islands | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 islands | cc |
| 39 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 islands | amod |
| 40 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 required | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 archipelago | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 archipelago | det |
| 43 | Malay | Malay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 archipelago | compound |
| 44 | archipelago | archipelago | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 islands | nmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 named | punct |
| 46 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 named | punct |
| 47 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 named | nsubj:pass |
| 48 | all | all | ADV | _ | 49 named | advmod |
| 49 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 required | conj |
| 50 | in | in | ADP | _ | 52 books | case |
| 51 | rare | rare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 books | amod |
| 52 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 named | obl |
| 53 | about | about | ADP | _ | 54 incense | case |
| 54 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 books | nmod |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 required | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | require | would · passive | One chapter at least | for the subject of the ancient importation of incense materials from India and China and Annam and Siam and Cambodia and Ceylon and Sumatra and Java and Borneo; various islands of the Malay archipelago obl | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition | ||||
| 2 | name | participle · passive | places | rare books about incense | all property | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 3 | import | incense materials from India and China and Annam and Siam and Cambodia and Ceylon and Sumatra and Java and Borneo | nom importation «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/126/