In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 125
There would also have to be considered the curious history of the old “incense-assemblies,” whose elaborate ceremonial could be explained only by help of numerous diagrams.
Who acts: help · What happens: have, consider, explain, help · To what, where: curious history, elaborate ceremonial, numerous diagrams
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (help), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 have | expl |
| 2 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 have | aux |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 have | advmod |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 considered | mark |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 considered | aux:pass |
| 7 | considered | consider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 have | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 history | det |
| 9 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 history | amod |
| 10 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 considered | xcomp |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 assemblies | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 assemblies | det |
| 13 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 assemblies | amod |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 assemblies | punct |
| 15 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 assemblies | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 incense | punct |
| 17 | assemblies | assembly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 history | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
| 19 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
| 20 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 22 ceremonial | nmod:poss |
| 21 | elaborate | elaborate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 ceremonial | amod |
| 22 | ceremonial | ceremonial | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 explained | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 explained | aux |
| 24 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 25 explained | aux:pass |
| 25 | explained | explain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 have | parataxis |
| 26 | only | only | ADV | _ | 28 help | advmod |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 help | case |
| 28 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 explained | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 diagrams | case |
| 30 | numerous | numerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 diagrams | amod |
| 31 | diagrams | diagram | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 help | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | would | there | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | consider | to-infinitive · passive | the curious history of the old incense assemblies | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S» | |||||
| 3 | explain speech: assert | could · passive | help of numerous diagrams | elaborate ceremonial | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic | ||||
| 4 | help | numerous diagrams | nom help «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/125/