In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 23
“Linger not thus, my son!” urged the voice of the teacher;—“the summit that we must gain is very far away!”
Who acts: summit · What happens: not linger, urge, gain, be · To what, where: voice
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (summit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Linger | punct |
| 2 | Linger | linger | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 urged | ccomp |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 2 Linger | advmod |
| 4 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 2 Linger | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 son | punct |
| 6 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 son | nmod:poss |
| 7 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Linger | vocative |
| 8 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 Linger | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Linger | punct |
| 10 | urged | urge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 voice | det |
| 12 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 urged | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 teacher | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 teacher | det |
| 15 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 voice | nmod |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 urged | punct |
| 17 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 away | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 away | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 summit | det |
| 20 | summit | summit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 away | nsubj |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 gain | nsubj |
| 22 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 gain | nsubj |
| 23 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 gain | aux |
| 24 | gain | gain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 summit | acl:relcl |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 away | cop |
| 26 | very | very | ADV | _ | 27 far | advmod |
| 27 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 28 away | advmod |
| 28 | away | away | ADV | _ | 10 urged | advmod |
| 29 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 28 away | punct |
| 30 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 urged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not linger in a quote | infinitive | my son vocative; thus property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | urge | past | the voice of the teacher | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent voice=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | gain in a quote | must | the summit | we nsubj | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | the summit | away, far property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/23/