In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 24

On through the dark they climbed,—and felt continually beneath them the soft strange breakings,—and saw the icy fires worm and die,—till the rim of the night turned grey, and the stars began to fail, and the east began to bloom.

Who acts: Stars, night, east · What happens: climb, feel, see, die, turn, begin · To what, where: dark, soft strange breakings, fires worm

This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stars, night, east), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	4 dark	case
2	through	through	ADP	_	4 dark	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 dark	det
4	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 climbed	obl
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 climbed	nsubj
6	climbed	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 climbed	punct
8	—	-	PUNCT	_	6 climbed	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 felt	cc
10	felt	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 climbed	conj
11	continually	continually	ADV	_	10 felt	advmod
12	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	13 them	case
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 felt	obl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 breakings	det
15	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 breakings	amod
16	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 breakings	amod
17	breakings	breaking	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 felt	obl:unmarked
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 saw	punct
19	—	-	PUNCT	_	21 saw	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 saw	cc
21	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 felt	parataxis
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 fires	det
23	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 fires	amod
24	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 worm	compound
25	worm	worm	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 saw	obj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 die	cc
27	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 worm	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 rim	punct
29	—	-	PUNCT	_	32 rim	punct
30	till	till	ADP	_	32 rim	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 rim	det
32	rim	rim	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 worm	conj
33	of	of	SCONJ	_	36 turned	mark
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 night	det
35	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 turned	nsubj
36	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 rim	advcl
37	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 turned	xcomp
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 began	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 began	cc
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 stars	det
41	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 began	nsubj
42	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 saw	conj
43	to	to	PART	_	44 fail	mark
44	fail	fail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	42 began	xcomp
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 began	punct
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 began	cc
47	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 east	det
48	east	east	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 began	nsubj
49	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 climbed	conj
50	to	to	PART	_	51 bloom	mark
51	bloom	bloom	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	49 began	xcomp
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 climbed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	climb	past	Stars = star		the dark		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on dark=Trajectory
2	feel	past	Stars = star not said here	the soft strange breakings		beneath Stars = star; continually property	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath they=Location
3	see	past		fires worm and the rim			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer worm=Stimulus
4	die	infinitive					vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
5	turn	past	the night			grey property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
6	begin	past	the stars				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
7	fail	to-infinitive	the stars not said here				vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	begin	past	the east				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
9	bloom	to-infinitive	the east not said here				vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/24/

🌲 In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 24

The tree

Pragmatics

In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 24