In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 147
It usually signifies evil karma; _kwahō_ being the term used in speaking of meritorious karma and its results.
Who acts: word · What happens: signify, be, use, speak, result · To what, where: evil karma, term, speaking, meritorious karma · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 signifies | nsubj |
| 2 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 3 signifies | advmod |
| 3 | signifies | signify | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 karma | amod |
| 5 | karma | karma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 signifies | obj |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 kwahō | punct |
| 7 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 kwahō | punct |
| 8 | kwahō | kwahō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 signifies | obl |
| 9 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 12 term | punct |
| 10 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 term | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 term | det |
| 12 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 kwahō | appos |
| 13 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 term | acl |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 speaking | case |
| 15 | speaking | speaking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 used | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 karma | case |
| 17 | meritorious | meritorious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 karma | amod |
| 18 | karma | karma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 speaking | nmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 results | cc |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 results | nmod:poss |
| 21 | results | result | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 speaking | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 signifies | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | signify | present | word | evil karma | kwahō obl; usually property | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot karma=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | gerund | the term | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | use | participle | the term not said here | speaking of meritorious karma and word's results | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | speak | meritorious karma | nom speaking «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | result | word | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/147/