In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 166
Buddhism forbids all taking of life, and classes as _living_ things (_Ujō_) all forms having sentiency.
Who acts: Buddhism, all, _, forms · What happens: forbid, take, live, have · To what, where: classes, things, sentiency
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddhism, all, _, forms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Buddhism | Buddhism | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 forbids | nsubj |
| 2 | forbids | forbid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 taking | nsubj |
| 4 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 forbids | ccomp |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 life | case |
| 6 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 taking | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 classes | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 classes | cc |
| 9 | classes | class | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 forbids | obl |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 11 _ | case |
| 11 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 classes | nmod |
| 12 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 _ | acl |
| 13 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 14 things | punct |
| 14 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 living | obj |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 Ujō | punct |
| 16 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 Ujō | punct |
| 17 | Ujō | Ujō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 things | appos |
| 18 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 Ujō | punct |
| 19 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 Ujō | punct |
| 20 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 forms | det |
| 21 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 things | nmod |
| 22 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 forms | acl |
| 23 | sentiency | sentiency | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 having | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 forbids | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forbid | present | Buddhism | classes as _ | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | take | gerund | all | of life | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent of life=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | live | gerund | _ not said here | things all forms | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme thing=Location | ||||
| 4 | have | gerund | all forms not said here | sentiency | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sentiency=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/166/