In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 21
Accordingly, with the help of a Japanese friend, I have selected and translated the following series of examples,—choosing the more simple and familiar where choice was possible, and placing the originals in alphabetical order to facilitate reference.
Who acts: I, choice · What happens: select, translate, follow, choose, be, place · To what, where: following series, simple, originals, alphabetical order, reference, Japanese friend
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, choice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accordingly | accordingly | ADV | _ | 13 selected | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Accordingly | punct |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 help | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 help | det |
| 5 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 selected | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 friend | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 friend | det |
| 8 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 friend | amod |
| 9 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 help | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 help | punct |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 selected | nsubj |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 selected | aux |
| 13 | selected | select | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 translated | cc |
| 15 | translated | translate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 selected | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 series | det |
| 17 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 series | amod |
| 18 | series | series | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 translated | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 examples | case |
| 20 | examples | example | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 series | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 selected | punct |
| 22 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 choosing | punct |
| 23 | choosing | choose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 selected | conj |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 simple | det |
| 25 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 26 simple | advmod |
| 26 | simple | simple | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 choosing | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 familiar | cc |
| 28 | familiar | familiar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 simple | conj |
| 29 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 32 possible | advmod |
| 30 | choice | choice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 possible | nsubj |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 possible | cop |
| 32 | possible | possible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 familiar | advcl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 placing | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 placing | cc |
| 35 | placing | place | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 choosing | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 originals | det |
| 37 | originals | original | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 placing | obj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 order | case |
| 39 | alphabetical | alphabetical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 order | amod |
| 40 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 placing | obl |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 facilitate | mark |
| 42 | facilitate | facilitate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 placing | advcl |
| 43 | reference | reference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 facilitate | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 selected | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select | present · perfect | I | with the help of a Japanese friend; accordingly property | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | translate | past | I not said here | the following series of examples | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent series=Patient | ||||
| 3 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | choose | gerund | I not said here | the simple | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent simple=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | past | choice | possible property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | place | gerund | I not said here | the originals | alphabetical order | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent original=Theme in order=Destination | |||
| 7 | facilitate | to-infinitive | I not said here | reference | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | help | a Japanese friend | nom help «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/21/