In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 64
[50] _Kozō_ means “acolyte” as well as “shop-boy,”“errand-boy,” or “apprentice;” but in this case it refers to a boy employed in a shop situated near or before the gate of a Buddhist temple.
Who acts: 50, acolyte · What happens: mean, refer, employ, situate · To what, where: acolyte, case, boy, shop, gate
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (50, acolyte), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 50 | punct |
| 2 | 50 | 50 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 means | nsubj |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 50 | punct |
| 4 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 2 50 | punct |
| 5 | Kozō | Kozō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 50 | nmod:unmarked |
| 6 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 2 50 | punct |
| 7 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 acolyte | punct |
| 9 | acolyte | acolyte | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 means | obj |
| 10 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 acolyte | punct |
| 11 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 17 boy | cc |
| 12 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 as | fixed |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 11 as | fixed |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 boy | punct |
| 15 | shop | shop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 boy | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 shop | punct |
| 17 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 means | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 boy | punct |
| 19 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 boy | punct |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 boy | punct |
| 21 | errand | errand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 boy | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 errand | punct |
| 23 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 boy | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 boy | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 boy | punct |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 apprentice | cc |
| 27 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 apprentice | punct |
| 28 | apprentice | apprentice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 boy | conj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 ” | punct |
| 30 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 means | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 refers | cc |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 case | case |
| 33 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 34 case | det |
| 34 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 refers | obl |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 refers | nsubj |
| 36 | refers | refer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 means | conj |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 boy | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 boy | det |
| 39 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 refers | obl |
| 40 | employed | employ | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 boy | acl |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 shop | case |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 shop | det |
| 43 | shop | shop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 employed | obl |
| 44 | situated | situate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 shop | acl |
| 45 | near | near | ADP | _ | 49 gate | case |
| 46 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 49 gate | cc |
| 47 | before | before | ADP | _ | 49 gate | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 gate | det |
| 49 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 situated | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 temple | case |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 53 temple | det |
| 52 | Buddhist | buddhist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 temple | amod |
| 53 | temple | temple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 gate | nmod |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 means | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | 50 Kozō | acolyte | shop boy and errand boy or apprentice conj | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent acolyte=Topic | |||
| 2 | refer | present | acolyte | this case | to a boy | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to boy=Co-Theme | |||
| 3 | employ | participle | a boy not said here | a shop | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | situate | participle | a shop not said here | the gate of a Buddhist temple | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent near gate=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/64/