In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 65
By constantly hearing the sutra chanted in the temple, the boy learns to repeat the words.
Who acts: boy · What happens: hear, chant, learn, repeat · To what, where: sutra, temple, words
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | SCONJ | _ | 3 hearing | mark |
| 2 | constantly | constantly | ADV | _ | 3 hearing | advmod |
| 3 | hearing | hear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 learns | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sutra | det |
| 5 | sutra | sutra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hearing | obj |
| 6 | chanted | chant | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 sutra | acl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 temple | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 temple | det |
| 9 | temple | temple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 chanted | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 hearing | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 boy | det |
| 12 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 learns | nsubj |
| 13 | learns | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 repeat | mark |
| 15 | repeat | repeat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 learns | xcomp |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 words | det |
| 17 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 repeat | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 learns | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | gerund | the boy not said here | the sutra | constantly property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sutra=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | chant | participle | the sutra not said here | the temple | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | learn | present | the boy | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | repeat | to-infinitive | the boy not said here | the words | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/65/