In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 93
However miserable human existence, it is at least a state in which some knowledge of divine truth may be obtained; whereas the beings in other and lower conditions of life are relatively incapable of spiritual progress.
Who acts: miserable human existence, beings · What happens: be, obtain, condition · To what, where: state, least, knowledge, life
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (miserable human existence, beings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | However | however | ADV | _ | 4 existence | advmod |
| 2 | miserable | miserable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 existence | amod |
| 3 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 existence | amod |
| 4 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 state | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 existence | punct |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 state | nsubj |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 state | cop |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 least | case |
| 9 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 11 state | nmod |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 state | det |
| 11 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 which | case |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 obtained | obl |
| 14 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 knowledge | det |
| 15 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 obtained | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 truth | case |
| 17 | divine | divine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 truth | amod |
| 18 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 knowledge | nmod |
| 19 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 obtained | aux |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 obtained | aux:pass |
| 21 | obtained | obtain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 state | acl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 beings | punct |
| 23 | whereas | whereas | SCONJ | _ | 25 beings | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 beings | det |
| 25 | beings | being | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 incapable | nsubj |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 other | case |
| 27 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 beings | nmod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 conditions | cc |
| 29 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 30 conditions | amod |
| 30 | conditions | condition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 beings | conj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 life | case |
| 32 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 conditions | nmod |
| 33 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 incapable | cop |
| 34 | relatively | relatively | ADV | _ | 35 incapable | advmod |
| 35 | incapable | incapable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 obtained | parataxis |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 progress | case |
| 37 | spiritual | spiritual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 progress | amod |
| 38 | progress | progress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 incapable | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 state | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | miserable human existence | a state | least | privilege nsubj | tree rules | ||
| 2 | obtain | may · passive | some knowledge of divine truth | a state | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the beings in other and lower conditions of life | of spiritual progress; incapable, relatively property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | condition | life | nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/93/