In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 3, sentence 44
_Ingwa_ is a Japanese Buddhist term for evil karma, or the evil consequence of faults committed in a former state of existence.
Who acts: Ingwa · What happens: be, commit · To what, where: Japanese Buddhist term, faults, former state
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ingwa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ingwa | punct |
| 2 | Ingwa | Ingwa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 term | nsubj |
| 3 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ingwa | punct |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 term | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 term | det |
| 6 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 term | amod |
| 7 | Buddhist | buddhist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 term | amod |
| 8 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 karma | case |
| 10 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 karma | amod |
| 11 | karma | karma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 term | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 consequence | punct |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 consequence | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 consequence | det |
| 15 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 consequence | amod |
| 16 | consequence | consequence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 term | appos |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 faults | case |
| 18 | faults | fault | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 consequence | nmod |
| 19 | committed | commit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 faults | acl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 state | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 state | det |
| 22 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 state | amod |
| 23 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 committed | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 existence | case |
| 25 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 state | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 term | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Ingwa | a Japanese Buddhist term | for evil karma; the evil consequence of faults appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | commit | participle | faults not said here | a former state of existence | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in state=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/26/44/